Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), which refers to compensatory hyperparathyroid hormone secretion caused by calcium ion balance disturbance, is one of the most common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). According to epidemiological survey statistics, the prevalence rate of chronic kidney disease in China is 10.8%, and it is on the rise. According to incomplete statistics, there are about 119.5 million chronic kidney disease patients in China. With the continuous progress of dialysis technology, the survival of CKD patients has been significantly improved, but the incidence of SHPT gradually increases with the increase of dialysis time, and about 32% of patients with chronic kidney disease eventually develop refractory or severe SHPT. The elevated parathyroid hormone can involve systems throughout the body, leading to multi system complications and adverse clinical events such as malnutrition, anemia, calcification of blood vessels and heart valves, renal bone disease, restless leg syndrome, pruritus, and ectopic calcification. At present, the main treatment methods for secondary hyperparathyroidism include drug therapy and surgical therapy. The majority of patients with SHPT rely on phosphate binders, active vitamin D sterols, vitamin D receptor activators, and calcium for drug treatment. Subtotal parathyroidectomy or total parathyroidectomy plus auto transplantation is the most widely used surgical treatment. However, it is impossible to determine which surgical method is the most effective. The choice of surgical method always depends on the individual preference of the surgeon and the clinical condition of the patient. The occurrence of SHPT can seriously affect the life of patients and significantly reduce their quality of life. Severe SHPT may even lead to death, so the early diagnosis and treatment of SHPT are very important for dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease, and it needs to arouse extensive attention from the medical community.
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