Title: Corruption risk management at the tendering and signing of the contract stage in the Iraqi construction sector

Abstract

Risk management has evolved into a critical component of all management missions. Given that the construction industry is regarded as one of the riskiest, corruption risk is a significant concern in the construction industry. One of the country's most critical problems is corruption, and it has become increasingly problematic as it has spread to the construction sector. Based on the ISO 31000 risk management standard and the ISO 31000 Bow-Tie risk management assessment from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The feature provides a recognized and credible approach for analyzing the corruption risk of policy failure, by elaborating: (a) the "corruption risk", assessing the probability and impact based on qualitative analysis; (b) the effectiveness of the system of management measures in avoiding and reducing risk; and, (c) the existence of the interaction aspect of management measures rapidly increasing factors, including laws and legislation change. This paper aims to manage the corruption risk at the tendering and signing of the contract stage that affects the performance of the project. It offers a policy analysis by the Bowtie tool with the potential to address risks associated with future corruption to achieve better project execution and will reduce deviations and claims that will occur during implementation in the Iraqi construction sector. The resultant model assists stakeholders in gaining a better understanding of corruption risks, their origins, and their consequences.