Artical Title: Designing preventive care bundles for pediatric primary care dental clinics

Abstract

Introduction: In this study, we design and analyze two oral health bundles as one method for oral health value-based payment. A care bundle is a set of evidence-based practices that have been demonstrated to improve outcomes when performed collectively and reliably. Bundle Design: Based on stakeholder recommendations, we designed and analyzed two care bundles: 1) Child Comprehensive Examination and Preventive Care Bundle, and 2) Child Periodic Examination and Preventive Care Bundle. Methods: This analysis includes 19,824 pediatric dental visits from 5/1/19 to 12/22/20. For each Comprehensive and Periodic Examination, we analyzed the visit to determine how many bundle items (radiographs, fluoride, and prophylaxis) were included during that same visit. Results: For the Comprehensive Examination Bundle, there were 2,081 comprehensive care examinations, with a median completion rate of 61%. A failure mode analysisdemonstrated the following item completion rates: prophylaxis (87%), fluoride (82%), and radiographs (74%). For the Periodic Examination Bundle, there were 17,743 periodic examinations, with a median completion rate of 56%. A failure mode analysis demonstrated the following item completion rates: prophylaxis (100%), fluoride (95%), and radiographs (59%). Codes were also implemented to document the reasons for incomplete bundle items. For each exam with a missing bundle item, the reason for the incomplete item was recorded and is shown as a percentage of exams missing the respective bundle item. Conclusions: Oral health bundles can be used to ensure that appropriate services are provided during a single visit, and equally important, to create benchmarks for preventive care utilization to achieve greater population health.

Biography

William Riley is professor in the College of Health Solutions at Arizona State University (ASU). Riley is a leading authority in health care finance and serves as the director of the National Safety Net Advancement Center, which assists safety net organizations respond to health care payment reform. Riley is also a national and international expert in quality improvement methods, techniques, and implementation. He leads translational research projects in international settings, oral health value-based care, and multisector alignment to achieve a culture of health. Riley is the author of more than 80 scientific articles and is coauthor of two books on applying quality improvement methods and techniques in health care.Riley has more than 20 years’ executive experience as a former president and chief executive officer of several health care organizations. Prior to joining ASU, he was the associate dean for the School of Public Health at the University of Minnesota.

Artical Title: US obesity mortality trends and associated noncommunicable diseases contributing conditions among white, black, and Hispanic individuals by age from 1999 to 2017

Abstract

This study aims to assess the effect of obesity as an underlying cause of death in association with four main noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) as contributing causes of mortality on the age of death in White, Black, and Hispanic individuals in the USA. To estimate mortality hazard ratios, we ran a Cox regression on the US National Center for Health Statistics mortality integrated datasets from 1999 to 2017, which included almost 48 million cases. The variable in the model was the age of death in years as a proxy for time to death. The cause-of-death variable allowed for the derivation of predictor variables of obesity and the four main NCDs. The overall highest obesity mortality HR when associated with NCD contributing conditions for the year 1999-2017 was diabetes (2.15; 95% CI: 2.11-2.18), while Whites had the highest HR (2.46; 95% CI: 2.41-2.51) when compared with Black (1.32; 95% CI: 1.27-1.38) and Hispanics (1.25; 95% CI: 1.18-1.33). Hispanics had lower mortality HR for CVD (1.21; 95% CI: 1.15-1.27) and diabetes (1.25; 95% CI: 1.18- 1.33) of the three studied groups. The obesity death mean was 57.3 years for all groups. People who die from obesity are, on average, 15.4 years younger than those without obesity. Although Hispanics in the USA have a higher prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD), they also have the lowest mortality HR for obesity as an underlying cause of death when associated with CVD and cancer. While there is no obvious solution for obesity and its complications, continued efforts to address obesity are needed.

Biography

Artical Title: How the COVID-19 pandemic impacted medical education during the last year of medical school: A class survey

Abstract

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the medical edu- cation platform for students in the United States of America (USA). In that light, medical schools had to rapidly rearrange the dynamics of their educational curricula from the traditional platforms, to incorporate telemedicine. The telemedicine platform is supported in many specialties, allowing students various options to continue their education without interruption during the COVID-19 pandemic, and beyond. Telemedicine platforms are projected to grow exponentially due to the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing a segue for medical schools to modify their curricula by incorporating telemedicine programs. These distant-, e-learning (tele-education) programs align with the recom-mendations and guidelines for practicing social distancing. In this article, we surveyed fourth-year medical students to better understand their views on multiple aspects of e-learning, and its impact on their medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed the medical students’ experiences, satisfaction, insight and knowledge with e-learning, tele-education, telehealth, and their related modalities during COVID-19. We provide an organized overview and analysis of the main factors that influence medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic, while bringing forth the main challenges, limitations, and emerging approaches in the field of telemedicine and its application as it relates to medical education and e-learning across medical specialties. We outline the main themes and ideas that the medical students voiced, as to how their medical education is being impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and how they will incorporate telemedicine and tele-education in their future career. A cross-sectional, mixed-method survey was developed and distribute via Google Surveys to 181 University at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, United States of America, 4th year medical students, in December 2020. Results were compiled and analyzed after a 6-day open period for responses to be submitted. The survey instrument consisted of questions that inquire about the students’ perspectives as it relates to their rapid switch from their traditional method of learning to the on-line version of medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 65 students responded to the survey, of which 63 completed the survey. More than half of the students (n = 63, 57%) indicated that both their specialty of interest, and (n = 21, 33%) their sub-internships were impacted by the temporary lockdown, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Students also indicated that the top three specialties that were affected included surgery, internal medicine and obstetrics and gynecology. When the students were asked if they were satisfied with the use of aquifer for their health care e-learning, only 35% of the students were satisfied. The students expressed that the school’s administration team did a good job in developing the new tele-education curriculum for those in clinical training. In addition, responses indicated that students were open to case-based video learning and readings, when combined with the abbreviated clinical exposure during the make-up “clinical immersions periods” allowed for adequate learning. Overall, the survey responses show that more than half, approximately 54% of the medical students utilized telemedicine platforms during their clerkships that were impacted by COVID-19. The 4th-year medical students did not find tele-education and e-learning to be as effective as traditional medical education that combines in-person didactic classroom instructions and in-person face-to-face in hospital clerkships. Students felt that the telemedicine program that was rapidly set up due to the COVID-19 ‘lockdown’ was fragmented, since it was not a formal integration of a telemedicine E-learning program. Students would have preferred more ‘real’ cases to follow, instead of the ready-made, aquifer type of cases. Telemedicine has significant potential to address many of the challenges facing the medical education environment today. We believe now that people have become comfortable with this method of teaching, that even after the pandemic ends, we will continue to see tele-education used as a platform for medical education.

Biography

Artical Title: Is it morally permissible for general practitioners to disclose their opinion on a woman’s decision on abortion?

Abstract

Background: This paper considers ethical dilemmas arising where a patient seeks their General Practitioner’s (GP) advice regarding whether or not to have an abortion. GPs are often sought advice regarding treatments and procedures, which may occasionally lead them to facing a difficult dilemma of whether to share their personal opinion with their patient. GPs are particularly exposed to such situations. They aremore accessible as the first point of contact for patients and often have a closer relationship with them. Additionally, the significance of abortion as a sensitive topic and the potential of having a personal viewpoint on its morality makes it challenging for the GP to know how to respond to such a request. Main text: This paper explores the difficulties arising in such a situation and considers whether it could ever be ethically justifiable for GPs to express their opinions on such a matter. We consider the duties of a doctor, and highlight the need for clearer guidance for healthcare professionals on managing tensions in their professional boundaries between their personal moral views and their professional responsibilities. A range of ethical viewpoints are considered to explore how a doctor might act. Conclusions: This article recognises that a GP in this situation faces many ethical challenges. We propose that offering their opinion to the patient where specifically requested may be morally justifiable. A virtue ethics approach requires that the GP applies practical wisdom to make this decision, and where they do disclose their opinion ensure that it does not harm the patient and promotes flourishing. We encourage healthcare professionals to consider their own moral perspectives on sensitive issues, and reflect on how these have the potential to influence their practice. In doing so, we hope clinicians can be better should they be in a situation such as this.

Biography

Dr Lynnlette Aung (MBBS5, iBSc, DPMSA) is a Foundation Year 1 Doctor working at Royal Surrey County Hospital. She graduated at St George’s University of London in May 2020. She achieved aFirst ClassHonours in Global Health Sciences during her intercalated year (2016/17). Dr Aung also has a diploma in the Philosophy of Medicine (2018/19), from which she wrote her dissertation around the ethics of abortion. She then went on to publishing this alongside her colleague in 2020. She grew up in Bournemouth, England, but her family are originally from Myanmar. Dr Aung is currently interested in a career in general practice with a special interest in acute medicine, women’s health and global health.

Artical Title: Trust in mHealth services through data authentication

Abstract

Wearable and IoT health monitoring technologies are gaining ground in medical field with the potential to become disruptive in our health care management sector. Most remote monitoring devices are increasing in capacity and ability to extract more personal data. The benefit of extracting health data for health care management remotely is substantial but the issue to consider is the trust of data transmitted remotely for m-health care. It is important that the trustworthiness of the data remotely collected is assured. The use of a fragment of the data for authentication will increase reliability and trustworthiness of the data. In this research work, we extracted Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and decomposed the signals into sub-bands of detail and approximation coefficients. A comparison analysis is done after the classification of the extracted features to select the best sub-bands for data authentication of remotely collected health data. The most suitable portion used for data authentication achieved an Equal Error Rate (EER) of 12.42%. Results: The result focused on the outputs with the best performance of detail coefficient and approximation coefficient decompositions. Analyzing the results as shown in Figure 1, the detail coefficient performed better with about 63% of the patient’s data will be authenticated if an EER of 15% is used as threshold. Increasing the threshold to EER of 20% will show better performance with 86.7 % using detail coefficient decomposition for patient’s data authentication compared to 83.3%using approximation coefficient. Discussions: To effectively monitor health data, there is need for continuous data extraction.Given its sensitivity, the data extracted remotely should be check for unauthorized data. This should be effectively authenticated as accurate as possible. The used of a single signal in this work, achieve a reasonable EER but in actual implementation, it should be expected to achieve 100% accuracy. This can be achieve using portions of multi-bioelectrical signals extracted from the patient for data authentication.

Biography

TimibloudI S. Enamamu received his BSc in Communications Systems from the London Metropolitan University, MSc in Telecommunication Engineering from the Middlesex Universityand Ph.D. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from theCSCAN Research Laboratory, Plymouth University, all in the UK. He is a lecturer in Cyber Security and belong to theAd-hoc and sensor networks and Cybersecurity & Edge System Protection research group in the Department of Computing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, U.KHis research interests include Transparent Authentication, Biometrics, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and Ambient sensing systems.

Artical Title: A cross-sectional study to evaluate depression and quality of life among patients with lymphoedema due to lymphatic filariasis and leprosy

Abstract

Background: Podoconiosis, lymphatic filariasis (LF) and leprosy are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that cause lymphoedema. When left untreated they lead to substantial disability. This study determined the quality of life (QOL) and depression associated with lymphoedema in patients with podoconiosis, LF and leprosy. The study was conducted in north western Ethiopia. Materials and methods: This baseline cross-sectional study, nested within an interventional, noncomparative, longitudinal study, included patients with lymphoedema. Depression and QOL were assessed using versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Dermatologic Life Quality Index (DLQI), respectively that had been translated into Amharic and validated. Factors associated with depression and QOL were assessed using multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: Of the 251 patients withlymphoedema included in the study, 119 (47.4%) had moderate to severe depression and overall QOL was poor (mean ± SD DLQI score: 11.4 ± 4.2). Disability was significantly associated with depression (β=0.26; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.33. Currently receiving treatment (β=−3.05; 95% CI −5.25, −0.85), disability (β=−0.08; 95%CI: −0.15, −0.01) and social support (moderate support: β=−2.27; 95% CI: −3.66, −0.89 and strong support: β=−2.87; 95% CI: −5.35, −0.38) were significantly associated with better QOL. Conclusion: High levels of depression and low QOL were found among patients with lymphoedema due the three NTDs in Ethiopia.

Biography

Artical Title: Adaptive Fisher method for disease association analysis

Abstract

The Adaptive Fisher (AF) method is developed to combine marginal tests to form a single test statistic, which can be used to detect dense and sparse signals in disease association analysis. In this talk, we focus on the detection of disease-related DNA methylation regions. The association between the disease and methylation regions is modeled based on a generalized functional linear model, assuming continuous regional effects in pre-defined genomic regions. Experiments on schizophrenia data show that the genes detected by our methods are remarkably consistent with previously reported genes related to schizophrenia. Many of the previous reports were based on evidence other than DNA methylation, which highlights the potential of our methods in detecting disease-associated DNA methylation regions.

Biography

Artical Title: A surprising link with unexplained infertility: A possible Covid-19 paradox?

Abstract

Introduction: Unexplained infertility represents about 22–28 % of infertility causes. Factors related to unexplained infertility are various. The environment and the reproductive capacity has been proved to have a direct correlation. However, the direct relationship between stress and frequency of sexual intercourse on reproductive efficacy was not demonstrated. Aim of this study was to assess the potential impact of insufficient sexual activity on infertility. Material and methods: From March to May 2020, during the national lockdown imposed in Italy, we enrolled in this study 50 couples affected by unexplained infertility referred to IVF center of San Filippo Neri Hospital in Rome, Italy. Due to the lockdown, many companies started smart working and many public and private hospitals had to postpone the cycles of ARTs. Results: Mean age was 38.8±1.8 years old. Male partners were normospermic or affected by moderate oligoasthenospermia. Contacted by phone, 7 couples (14%) reported a natural conception after years (average 2±0.7 years) of infertility. No significative difference were found in terms of mean age compared to the mean age of the total group. All the 7 couples reported an increase of sexual intercourse, from 2 times / months to 3 times / week (p<0.001), due to the longer time spent together at home. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that increase of sexual activity related to changes in lifestyle have unmasked the real cause of infertility. Insufficient sexual activity should be always investigated in infertile couples. Clinicians should be encouraged to provide a counseling about the importante of increasing sexual activity before starting an active treatment.

Biography

Dr.ssa Arianna Pacchiarotti is a medical doctor and PhD, specialized in gynecology and obstetrics. She focused on the study and treatment of infertility. She is actually head on IVFs department at San Filippo Neri Hospital, Rome and Professor at Sapienza University in Rome. Her scientific research focused on infertility and IVF. She published on this field more than 50 studies on international journals (IF 120). She is a member of the editorial board of 4 international scientific journals. She coordinated many research, all in the field of infertility and sub-fertility. She participated as speaker and moderator in numbers of national and international congress.

Artical Title: Withholding and withdrawal of lifesustaining treatments in intensive care units in Lebanon: A crosssectional survey of intensivists and interviews of professional societies, legal and religious leaders

Abstract

Background: Little is known about the attitudes and practices of intensivists working in Lebanon regardingwithholding and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments (LSTs). The objectives of the study were to assess the pointsof view and practices of intensivists in Lebanon along with the opinions of medical, legal and religious leadersregarding withholding/withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments in Lebanese intensive care units (ICU). Methods: A web-based survey was conducted among intensivists working in Lebanese adult ICUs. Interviews werealso done with Lebanese medical, legal and religious leaders. Results: Of the 229 survey recipients, 83 intensivists completed it, i.e. a response rate of (36.3%). Most respondentswere between 30 and 49 years old (72%), Catholic Christians (60%), anesthesiologists (63%), working in Beirut (47%).Ninety-two percent of them were familiar with the withholding and withdrawal concepts and 80% applied them.Poor prognosis of the acute and chronic disease and futile therapy were the main reasons to consider withholdingand withdrawal of treatments. Ninety-five percent of intensivists agreed with the “Principle of Double Effect” (i.e.adding analgesia and or sedation to patients after the withholding/withdrawal decisions, in order to prevent theirsuffering and allow their comfort, even though it might hasten the dying process). The main withheld therapieswere vasopressors, respiratory assistance and CPR. Most of the respondents reported the decision was often toalways multidisciplinary (92%), involving the family (68%), and the patient (65%), or his advance directives (77%) orhis surrogate (81%) and the nurses (78%). The interviewees agreed there was a law governing withholding andwithdrawal decisions/practices in Lebanon. Christians and Muslim Sunni leaders declared accepting those practices(withholding or withdrawal of LSTs from patients when appropriate). Conclusion: Withholding and withdrawal of LSTs inthe ICU are known concepts among intensivists working inLebanon, and they are being practiced. Our results could be used to inform and optimize therapeutic limitation in ICUsin the country.

Biography

Artical Title: Forgoing health care even under universal health insurance: The case of France

Abstract

Objectives: We investigate the reliability of a survey question on forgone healthcare services for financial reasons, based onanalysis of actual healthcare use over the 3-year period preceding response to the question. We compare the actual use ofdifferent health services by patients who report having forgone health care to those who do not. Methods: Based on a prospective cohort study (CONSTANCES), we link survey data from enrolled participants to theUniversal Health Insurance (UHI) claims database and compare use of health services of those who report having forgonehealth care to controls. We present multivariable logistic regression models and assess the odds of using different healthservices. Results: Compared to controls, forgoing care participants had lower odds of consulting GPs (OR = 0.83; 95% CI 0.73,0.93), especially specialists outside hospitals (gynecologists: 0.74 (0.69, 0.78); dermatologists: 0.81 (0.78–0.85); pneumologists0.82 (0.71–0.94); dentists 0.71 (0.68, 0.75)); higher odds of ED visits (OR = 1.25; 95% CI 1.19, 1.31); and nodifference in hospital admissions (OR = 1.02; 95% CI 0.97, 1.09). Participants with lower occupational status and incomehad higher odds of forgoing health care. Conclusions: The perception of those who report having forgone health care for financial reasons is consistent with theirlower actual use of community-based ambulatory care (CBAC). While UHI may be necessary to improve healthcareaccess, it does not address the social factors associated with the population forgoing health care for financial reasons.

Biography

Feral-Pierssens Anne-Laure is an emergency physician with a PhD in public health. His area of expertise is focused on healthcare access for vulnerable population and more precisely access to urgent care.

Artical Title: Time to resuscitate cardiopulmonary resuscitation! The 3R/CPR: Refill-Recoil-Rebound

Abstract

Introduction: Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) remains a major health issue worldwide with gloomy outcomes, due to poor organs’ perfu-sion with current cardiopulmonary resuscita-tion (CPR) methods, deemed unsuitable for he-mostatic conditions, cardiotorsal anatomy and electrophysiology. As a result, most CPR survi-vors succumb to multiple organ failure within the first month postarrest. Alternatively, in the purpose of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) with adequate organs’ perfusion, we propose a new SCA management,implementing theprinciplesoffluidmechanics,endothelialshearstress(ESS)andthoracicbiomechanics for rational mobilization of the stagnant blood volumes: manually with a novel technique of cardiac massage that creates a snapping water hammer-like mechanism at the intracaridiac pacemaker cells and mechanically with a circulatory flow restoration (CFR)device. Methods: Simulated chest compressions were performed through the 5th intercostal space in professionalLifeguardsvolunteers,placedin the left later aldecubitus positionwithraisedlegs and abdominalcompression. Expected results: Compared to CPR, bypassing the sternal barrier, refilling the heart and then compressing the chest with a recoil-re-bound maneuver (3R / CPR) can significantly increase the chances of ROSC. Results of adequate organs’ perfusion restorations, regardless of heartbeat, have previously been demonstrated in pediatric animal models of SCA with CFR prototypes. Conclusion: Improvement of poor SCA results requires an overhaul of current CPR methods, impulsively applied following DC shock studies in dogs that are radically different from humans. The proposed therapy promotes adequate organ perfusion with ROSC in a substantially rational manner suitable for human morphology, cardiovascular pathophysiology andbiophysics. Acost-effectivemethod, easy-to-usebyasinglerescuersafelywithoutserious complications, underallcircumstances, without age or gender restrictions. The superiority and effectiveness of the 3R/CPR can be compared to CPR through periclinal studies of computational models, dummies orcadavers.

Biography

Artical Title: Digitalization of the healthcare supply chain: Trends and challenges

Abstract

Logistics can play a strategic role in transforming and creating a successful new health system. However, we notice that health logistics lag behind other industrial sectors such as agro-food and retailing. Indeed, the healthcare has one of the most expensive supply chains. This delay can be remedied by the implementation of innovative digitalization technologies (eg. big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, automated guided vehicles).The impact of digitization on supply chainperformance remains under explored in theory and practice. We explore and discuss in our communication the impact of the digitization of logistics on the efficiency, responsiveness and sustainability of healthcare organizations.

Biography

Omar Bentahar received the Ph.D. degree in management science from the Université de Caen Normandie, France, in 2011. He is an Associate Professor (HDR) of project management and Supply Chain Management with the IAE Metz School of Management, Université de Lorraine, France, and a member of the European Centre: CEREFIGE. He is the Co-Founder of the International Conference PROLOG: “Project & Logistics” www.prolog-conference.com. His research interests include management of complex projects and Healthcare SCM. His work appeared in journals including IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, Technological Forecasting and Social Change and Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review.

Artical Title: Shared decision making enhances pneumococcal and influenza vaccination rates in adult patients in outpatient care

Abstract

Insufficient vaccination rates against pneu-mococcal disease and influenza are a major problem in primary health care, especially in adult patients. Shared decision-making (SDM) may address major barriers to vaccination. The objective of this review was to assess the impact of SDM on pneumococcal and influenza vaccination rates in adult patients. We conducted a systematic literature search in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and ERIC. RCTs and cluster RCTs were included, if they aimed to enhance pneumococcal or influenza vaccination rates in adult patients and comprised a personal interaction between health care provider (HCP) and patient. Three further aspects of the SDM process (patient activation, bi-directional exchange of information and bi-directional deliberation) were assessed. A meta-analysis was conducted for the effects of interventions on vaccination rates. We identifiedeight studies on pneumococcal vaccination and 15 studies on influenza vaccination meeting the inclusion criteria. The pooled effect size was OR (95% CI): 2.26 (1.60–3.18) for pneumococcal vaccination and OR of 1.96 (95% CI: 1.31 to 2.95) for influenza vaccinaton rates comparing intervention and control groups. This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence that SDM processes can be an effective strategy to increase influenza vaccination rates. Further research with more detailed descriptions of SDM implementation modalities is necessary to better understand which components of SDM are most effective. Trial Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42020175555.

Biography

Flora Kuehne is a doctor in Family Medicine residency training from Munich, Germany. Apart from clinical rotations, she is involved in research projects at the Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine at the LMU University Hospital.

Artical Title: Characterization of the socioeconomic inequity attributable to smoking

Abstract

Background: The socioeconomic inequity attributable to smoking is a social untouchable cost. It has several forms to impact over the economy and the society in general. At same time, each impact form determines a form of socioeconomic inequity attributable to smoking. Each impact form has associated a particular social cost and particularly fiscal which relevancy will depend from the impact magnitude. Objective: To characterize the socioeconomic inequity attributable to smoking. Material and Methods: Was maddening an analytic research about the socioeconomic inequity attributable to smoking. The theatrical methods utilized were the comparative, the inductive-deductive and the analysis and synthesis. As empiric method was utilized the bibliographic research. Results: The socioeconomic inequity attributable to smoking is given by the social costs attributable to smoking. The main costs are determined by the cost over the Public Health and the costs because of the labor productivity lose attributable to smoking. Conclusion: Smoking is a risk factor with several social and economic impacts. Each form to impact over the morbidity and the mortality carries to a particular form of socioeconomic inequity. This condition determines the multi-dimensional research from smoking for a better control over this risk factor.

Biography

Fé Fernández Hernández is a Professor in the Faculty of Medical Science “10 de Octubre” at the University of Medical Science of Havana. MD Health Economy. During +10 years hadbeen researching about the smoking socioeconomic impact. Much from the results had been published in several journals around the world. She is an Editorial Board and/or reviewer member for several international journals as BMC Public Health for example.

Artical Title: Usability of 90second caregiver: A weekly, evidence-based health letter for caregivers

Abstract

Background: Informal caregivers are family members or close friends who provide unpaid help to individuals with acute or chronic health conditions so that they can manage daily life tasks. The greatest source of health information is the internet for meeting the needs of caregivers. However, information on the internet may not be scientifically valid, it may be written in language that is difficult to read, and is often in very large doses. 90Second Caregiver is a health letter whose aim is to disseminate knowledge to caregivers in a user-friendly, weekly format, in order to improve their wellbeing. Objective: The main objective was to test a sample of 90Second Caregiver health letters in order to assess their usability and to optimize the design and content of the health letters. Methods: Usability research themes were assessed using semi-structured phone interviews, incorporating the Think Aloud method with retrospective questioning. Results: Usability was assessed in the context of five main themes: understandability and learnability, completeness, relevance, and quality and credibility of the health letter content, as well as design and format. Caregivers generally provided positive feedback regarding the usability of the letters. The usability feedback was used to refine 90Second Caregiver in order to improve the design and content of the series. Based on the results of this study, it may be of maximum benefit to target the series towards individuals who are new to caregiving or part-time caregivers, given that these caregivers of the sample found the letters more useful and relevant and had the most positive usability experiences. Conclusions: The findings assisted in the improvement of the 90Second Caregiver template, which will be used to create future health letters and refine the letters that have already been created. The findings have implications for who the 90Second Caregiver series should be targeting (i.e., newer or part-time caregivers) in order to be maximally impactful in improving mental health and wellbeing-related outcomes for caregivers, such as self-efficacy and caregiving knowledge. The of this study may be generalizable to the examination of other electronic health information formats, making them valuable to future researchers testing the usability of health information products. In addition, the methods used in this study are useful for usability hypothesis generation. Lastly, our 90Second delivery approach can generate information useful for a set of similar products (e.g., weekly health letters targeted towards other conditions/populations).

Biography

Athena Milios is a psychiatric researcher and writer based in Nova Scotia, Canada. She holds an undergraduate Degree in Medical Science and a Master’s in Psychiatry Research, both from Dalhousie University. Her master’s thesis involved exploring the experiences of health workers recruiting for clinical trials in mental health. She is passionate about psychology and mental health. She strongly advocates for mental health in her community. Her research interests include psychiatric medications, eating disorders, e-health interventions, and caregiver/family mental health. She is the author of several psychiatric publications as well as some creative writing pieces, including poetry and short stories. She is currently completing her Doctor of Pharmacy at Dalhousie University (she will be graduating in 2024).

Artical Title: Impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of Syphilis in Brazil

Abstract

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by spirochete bacterium (Treponemapallidum) transmitted mainly by sexual activity (contact to mucocutaneous syphilitic lesions and during pregnancy in vertical transmission from mother-to-child). We conducted an ecological study with the collection of open data of mandatory syphilis reporting (general and congenital), available in the database of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (SINAN), from 2011 to 2020, to evaluate the influence of COVID-19 and the preventive measures adopted in the reports of positive cases of Syphilis in Brazil. In the period of 2018 to 2020, a larger proportion of cases among males was observed (average of 60%), with a decrease in incidence in women, in 2020 (37.35%). The incidence from 2018 to 2019 presented a small decrease in the number of cases in general reports (3.8%) and congenital (3.25%), with a significant difference in the decrease (Chisquare, df 153.4,4 - p <0.0001 - 97.48 curve) in 2020 of syphilis’ reports in Brazil, period of COVID-19 worldwide, with a drastic reduction in the number of syphilis cases in general (-67.85%) and congenital (-60.43%) reports The adoption of preventive measures to reduce the COVID-19 transmission, with attention to the social isolation and restriction of people movement, provided the concomitant reduction of contact between people, and thus decreasing the possibilities of sexual intercourse, the main route of transmission of syphilis in Brazil. The absence of guidelines, protocols and personal protective equipment for management of COVID-19 in Brazil and the restructuring of the public health services network, reduced the number of hospitals and clinics for other diseases, including the STI, promoting the underreport of positive cases of syphilis. The reduction in the incidence of syphilis in Brazil was similar in other countries during the COVID-19 crisis.

Biography

Artical Title: To burnout or not to burnout. A crosssectional study in healthcare professionals in Spain during COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Background: The current pandemic by the highly contagious novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in Wuhan (China) and has rapidly spread worldwide. In May 2020, Spain became Europe’s next epicentre of the contagion and was the second country worldwide most severely affected by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after the United States. Of note, out of its confirmed coronavirus cases, more than 20% correspond to healthcare professionals, the highest number worldwide. Objective: To assess the prevalence of Burnout syndrome in healthcare workers working on the frontline in Spain during COVID-19. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, online survey-based study. Settings: Sampling was performed between April 21st and May 3rd, 2020. The survey collected demographic data and questions regarding participants’ working position since pandemic outbreak. Participants: Spanish healthcare workers working on the frontline (FL) or usual ward were eligible. A total of 674 healthcare professionals answered the survey. Main outcomes and measures: Burnout syndrome was assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Medical Personnel (MBI). Results: Of the 643 eligible responding participants, 408 (63.5%) were physicians, 172 (26.8%) were nurses and 63 (9.8%) other technical occupations. 377 (58.6%) worked on the FL. Most participants were women (472 [73.4%]), aged 31 to 40 years (163 [25.3%]) and worked in tertiary hospitals (>600 beds) (260 [40.4%]). Prevalence of Burnout syndrome was 43.4% (95%CI 39.5; 47.2), higher in COVID-19 FL workers (49.6%, p <0.001) than in non- COVID-19 FL workers (34.6%, p <0.001). Women felt more burnout (60.8%, p=0.016), were more afraid of self-infection (61.9%, p=0.021) and of their performance and quality of care provided to the patients (75.8%, p=0.015) than men. More burnout were those between 20 and 30 years old (65.2%, p=0.026) and those with more than 15 years of experience (53.7%, p=0.035). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that, working on COVID-19 FL (odds ratio [OR] 1.93; 95%CI 1.37-2.71, p<0.001), being a woman (OR 1.56; 95%CI 1.06-2.29, p=0.022), being under 30 years old (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.06-2.89, p=0.028), and being a physician (OR 1.64; 95%CI 1.11-2.41, p=0.011) were associated with high risk of Burnout syndrome. Conclusions: This survey study of healthcare professionals reported high rates of Burnout syndrome. Interventions to promote mental well-being in healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 need to be immediately implemented.

Biography

Artical Title: Death associated with coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in individuals with severe mental disorders in Sweden during the early months of the outbreak

Abstract

Introduction: Individuals with severe mental disorder (SMD) have a higher risk of somatic comorbidity and mortality than the rest of the population. Objectives: To assess whether individuals with SMD had a higher risk of death associated with a COVID-19 infection (COVID-19 associated death) than individuals without SMD. Methods: Exploratory analysis with a cross-sectional design in the framework of a population-based register study covering the entire Swedish population. The Swedish Board for Health and Welfare (Socialstyrelsen) provided anonymised tabulated summary data for further analysis. We compared numbers of COVID-19 associated death in individuals with SMD (cases) and without SMD (controls). We calculated the odds ratio (OR) for the whole sample and by age group and four potential risk factors, namely diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, chronic lung disease. Results: The sample comprised of 7,923,859 individuals, 103,999 with SMD and 7,819,860 controls. There were 130 (0.1%) COVID-19 associated deaths in the SMD group and 4945 (0.06%) in the control group, corresponding to an OR of 1.98 (CI 1.66-2.35; p < 0.001). The odds were fourfold in the age group between 60 and 79 years. Cardiovascular diseases increased the odds by 50%. Individuals with SMD without any of the risk factors under study had three-folds odds of COVID-19 associated death. Conclusion: Our preliminary results suggest that individuals with SMD are a further group at increased risk of COVID-19 associated death. The factors contributing to this increased mortality risk require clarification.

Biography

Artical Title: Transformation of a ferry ship into a ship hospital for COVID-19 Patients

Abstract

Liguria is a northwestern region of Italy that, since the WHO has declared COVID-19 as a pandemic (11 March 2020), presented 108 patients hospitalized, 34 of which were in the intensive care unit. Due to this serious epidemiological emergency, the transformation of ferry ship into a hospital ship for COVID-19 patients who were still positive after the acute phase of the illness was carried out to free up hospital beds. The conversion was localized to a single deck, where designated healthcare areas were identified. Patients suffering from serious psychiatric disorders, a total lack of self-sufficiency, or senile dementia were not eligible for admission on board.On board, staff prepared meals for patients directly on the ship. Particular attention was placed on clinical, culture and religion factors of patients. Hygiene behavioral measures were implemented using standard/ universal and specific precautions. Staff wore an FFP3 mask (N99/KN99), visor, and high protection suit; they received periodic training. The ship’s crew also underwent periodic training on the infective risk of COVID-19. From 23 March to 18 June 2020, 191 patients were admitted onto the ship, with a male majority (57.07%), from different hospital facilities in Liguria. The average age was 56 years, ranging in total from 15 to 87 years. The average length of hospitalization was 15 ± 8.9 days (range 2–57 days, median 13 days). Some admitted patients had pre-existent comorbidities, most frequently diabetes, hypertension, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The ship was fitted out to become a hub at a metropolitan level and then, at a regional level. This lightened the care burden of hospitals, freeing up facilities and healthcare staff for patients in the acute phase of the illness. One hundred and ninety-one patients were treated over three months, with a favorable outcome confirmed by their recovery and negative swab results. Patients were provided with high-level healthcare, guaranteed by the multi-disciplinary nature of the clinical competencies available. No cases of contagion between healthcare workers or crew members were recorded.

Biography

Isabella Cevasco, Manager at the Health Professions Structure, and manager of the Nursing Care Area at Galliera Hospital in Genoa, Italy.

Artical Title: The risk for severe COVID 19 in patients with autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases: First wave lessons from a large cohort

Abstract

Background: Data regarding the risk for severe COVID19 in patients with autoimmune or inflammatory diseases are scarce. Objective: To estimate the risk of those patients to develop a more severe COVID19 infection. Methods: All active patients and those with dermatologic and/or rheumatologic autoimmune/inflammatory diseases identified in a single tertiary center. The charts of those tested positive for COVID19 between March 1st and May 31st, 2020 reviewed including demographics, co-morbidities and medications. COVID19 outcome of those with dermatologic and/or rheumatologic autoimmune/inflammatory diseases compared to COVID19 infected matched controls without an autoimmune/inflammatory background. Results: Overall, 974 of 381,268 active patients tested positive for COVID19, including 35 out of 13225 with dermatologic and/or rheumatologic autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. No statistically significant difference in severity of COVID19 infection or mortality rate found. The rate of asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe/critical and fatal COVID19 infection was 11.4%, 37.1%, 22.8%, 11.4% and 17.1% respectively for the patients with autoimmune diseases and 17.8%, 45.8%, 10.9%, 6.8% and 18.4% respectively for the controls . Conclusions: Patients with autoimmune/ inflammatory diseases seem not to develop a more severe COVID19 infection than controls.

Biography

Isabella Cevasco, Manager at the Health Professions Structure, and manager of the Nursing Care Area at Galliera Hospital in Genoa, Italy.

Artical Title: Global digital public health leadership

Abstract

A visionary leadership views adversities to lead to new opportunities. In response to the viral war brought by Covid-19 which is one of the worst human disasters, a new leadership toolkit is essential. This toolkit is digital leadership in health and care. Covid-19 has brought the importance of public health to the forefront as a critical global health security issue and digital health has been essential for data and public health in this pandemic. A global and unified approach for the current and future disease outbreaks, can be achieved by a global approach that address interoperability of health and care systems, high quality data and healthcare workforce, training & up-skilling of front liners. In addition, to enhance the culture of innovative solutions and research. The current global public health framework allows nations to report and share limited information by a reporting mechanism (e.g. to the World Health Organization). As the world enters into the digital era, in addition to a potential centralized platform, information sharing has to move towards real-time high quality sharing and a peer-to-peer modes. A multi-actor framework must be fostered to gather privacy and data protection authorities, governments, data providers, public health institutions, and researchers. To establish a robust preparedness protocols to future pandemic emergencies collaborative networks should be created in peacetime. Sustainable funding and investment to build a global infrastructure for data exchange that is connected in back end databases run by the health system and government, allowing data, if trusted, to flow freely and securely to where it is needed for global health system. Therefore, a framework that standardizes and verifies such information is necessary as a foundation that would help in the constructive communication and data-sharing within the international community. Such a framework should enhance communication and connectivity to cope with the scale and pressure of future pandemic events.

Biography

Dr Bandar Al Knawy is the Chief Executive Officer of the Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs and President of King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia, and an executive member of the Saudi Health Service Council, the national governing healthcare body in Saudi Arabia.He is a strong advocate of patient safety and quality and has led several high-impact initiatives. Under his supervision, the Health Sciences University and King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre commissioned state-of-the-art facilities, and has led a system-wide implementation of the BestCare electronic health record system covering the MNGHA network. His latest project was the Riyadh Global Digital Health Summit (https://rgdhs2020.com/), a G20-associated event that envisioned a global health system connectivity in preparedness and response to COVID-19 Pandemics. The event was one of the largest virtual health conferences of the year and certainly the largest one on public health combined with digital health.

Artical Title: Emergency remote learning during COVID-19 crisis: Students’ engagement

Abstract

The purpose of the current paper is to explore the factors that influence student engagement in online learning during the COVID-19 crisis in middle school settings in developing countries where is a lack of studies about the factors influencing student’s engagement in emergency remote learning during the crisis. A qualitative approach was used for data collection and analysis. Semi-structured interviews with 34 participants (14 students, 13 teachers, and 7 parents) were conducted for 20–30 min. Furthermore, online class observations were used for data collection; 13 online classes were observed. Each class was 40 min. A thematic analysis was used to categorize the findings into themes and subthemes. The findings of the study revealed that various factors influence student engagement in online learning during the crisis including infrastructure factors, cultural factors, digital inequality, and the threat to digital privacy. Cultural factors were the important factor that influences females because of parents’ culture and their bias against females using online learning compared to male students. Teachers’ presence and quality of content were the major factors that influence student engagement, where parental concerns, norms, and traditions emerged as the major factors in the crisis, influencing engagement. Most of the participants reported that teaching and learning online during the crisis has broadened the digital inequality and threatened their digital privacy which influenced negatively student engagement. The limitations of this research included the limited number of participants covering a large geographic area, and the research design using diverse and often limited educational software and delivery methods. Future studies could utilize a mixed-method approach and include more participants.

Biography

Soheil Salha holds Ph.D in Curriculum and Instruction with specialization in the field of Educational Technology (Math Education). Soheil teaches courses related to using computers and technology is teaching and learning, curriculum theories and analysis, technology education. Soheil published several studies in using software in learning and teaching Mathematics, STEM, digitalization of teacher education programs, online and blended learning, curriculum analysis and design, school design, early childhood and higher education issues. Soheil works as a trainer of instructional design, active learning, E-portfolio and authentic assessment at ELearningcenter at ANNU. Soheil administered several Erasmus and World Bank projects in the field of professional development and capacity building.

Artical Title: How prescriptive analytics influences decision making in precision medicine

Abstract

Failure of the old model of medical decision making, “one-size-fits-all”, has encouraged the healthcare/medicine landscape to take advantage of big data and analytics for tailoring the treatments, based on individual patient’s differences in gen, environment, and lifestyle. Whereas literature has demonstrated a strong contribution to the adoption of healthcare analytics over patient’s data, for better decision making, understanding the level and the degree that each type of analytics influences decision making, is crucial for addressing the type of problems.While descriptive, diagnostic, and predictive analytics generate knowledge for decision support systems, prescriptive analytics recommends a proactive decision. This study aims to highlight the influential and effective role of prescriptive analytics for fulfilling precision medicine which is defined as an emerging approach in medical decision making.

Biography

Artical Title: Development of the epidemiological situation and its periodization in Russia and measures taken to protect public health

Abstract

The outbreak in China of COVID-19, was unexpected both for the Chinese authorities and for the World Health Organization. The relevant government agencies of Russia also got involved in countering the new threat.The fight against the new type of coronavirus was a serious test for both the departments responsible for public health and the entire political system. We analyzed the work of government agencies during the pandemic and the growth of global risks to offer systematization of measures for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and periodization of epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation.We used the original documents of the administration of the President of Russia, the Government, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Health, other federal ministries, the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as Russian and foreign media. In general, the epidemiological measures taken by Russia authorities can be considered adequate. They allowed the country to get a head start of 2-3 months before the increase in the number of cases, to reconfigure and mobilize the health care system. The success of the measures taken can be confirmed by the low morbidity rate in the regions and the relatively low mortality rate in the country as a whole (less than 1%).

Biography

Artical Title: Challenges and strategies for Yaws eradication program in Southern Philippines

Abstract

Yaws is a bacterial infection that is transmitted through skin-to-skin contact among children. It is highly prevalent in areas with poor sanitation – the so-called disease in “areas where the road ends”. It has been seen among the people in the Liguasan Marsh in the Bangsamoro region in Mindanao in southern part of the Philippines. Active cases have been seen among children where they become serologically positive for lifetime. This has caused social stigma and economic impact among individuals who are applying for a job abroad. This case study analyses the causes of the persistence of yaws in southern Philippines and recommends interventions for eradication.Key informant interviews were done with health experts, practitioners, physicians, and other key stakeholders. Focused group discussions were also done on patients and citizens from the study sites. The study was conducted in select municipalities within the Liguasan Marsh. Secondary data from previous studies were analyzed. The study reveals that the on-going armed conflict in the area has the greatest impact for the persistence of yaws. This is coupled by poverty and geographical inaccessibility of the area. People living in the area are uncooperative in mass screening and treatments due to prejudiceand poor health literacy. Strategies were developed as part of the recommendations to design a health program towards yaws eradication.These include the peace process, endorsement for mass screening and mass treatment from local leaders including the Muslim religious leaders and Muslim health professionals, scaling-up of health literacy, and improved access through infrastructure like roads and construction of health facilities. New antigen-based diagnostic methodology/technology is also needed in community screening. Addressing the root causes of these social problems, yaws may be eradicated sooner than we think persist which will have a better impact on the lives of the people.

Biography

Dr. SherjanKalimgrew up in his home town in Mindanao where he experienced playing with children in poor communities. He was familiar with the terms “bakataw” and “bakukang”, which are local terms for yaws, among the children in their community. He is currently practicing as clinical and anatomic pathologist in Cotabato Regional and Medical Center in Central Mindanao. He heads the sections of Blood Bank, Molecular Laboratory, Histopathology, and Hematology of its Department of Pathology. As a Blood Bank Head for more than 10 years, he monitors incidence of transfusion transmissible infections including syphilis which accounts for 10-15% incidence among healthy blood donors. Dr. Kalim is also active in public health who goes around Mindanao especially in the hard to reach poor areas of the Bangsamoro region. In here, he saw actual cases of yaws in different communities that are persistently present up to this generation.

Artical Title: Culture as a contributory factor in combatting the Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought people to follow stringent policies to limit and fight the spread of the virus. Each government around the world conforms to the homogeneity of the policy such as social distancing, limit mobility, quarantines, lockdowns, and wearing of a facemask. However, these policies were responded to in varied ways by different cultural communities. Thus, this paper will examine the cultural dimension of dealing with a public health crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper would discuss the importance of considering culture in the planning and implementation process in dealing with public health crises. The paper will also show several insights on the effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Biography

James Darwin N. Lagman is a licensed professional teacher and received his Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in Social Studies from Mabalacat City College. He is currently pursuing his Master's in History at De La Salle University-Manila.He is a faculty at Mabalacat City College under the Institute of Arts and Sciences, and Teacher Education (IASTE). He also serves as the adviser of the PANTALAKAYAN, an organization focused on the development of history, social science, and research in the CollegeHis research interests include Culture, Cultural History, Ethno History, Local History, Oral History, Ethics, and Postmodernism. He has presented extensively in local and international conferences. His researches have been published in peer-reviewed journals.

Artical Title: A statistical method to model interrelations of patient’s characteristics and symptoms of COVID-19

Abstract

Objectives: Previous studies reported characteristics of patients and symptoms associated with prognosis of COVID-19. However, conventional statistical method has a limitation in modeling interrelations of these characteristics of patients and symptoms partly because conventional statistical method assume that explanatory variables are independent from each other. The aim of this study is to introduce a method which models interrelation of explanatory variables and apply it to COVID-19 patients. Methods: To evaluate an interrelation of patient’s characteristics and symptoms we developed a method called the Boolean Monte Carlo method (BMCM). In medicine, binary values (often represented by 0 and 1) are often used to represent patient’s characteristics, medical test results, and the presence of disease (positive or negative). Binary values can be calculated using Boolean operators (often represented by “and” and “or”), which can be regarded as an interrelation (Figure). In BMCM, we randomly assign Boolean operators between binary variables and focus on the frequencies of operators that can explain outcomes correctly. By these processes, we can statistically determine interrelations of variables in explaining outcome and calculate statistics such as sensitivity and specificity. We applied this method to the Novel Corona Virus 2019 Dataset (https://www.kaggle.com/ sudalairajkumar/novel-corona-virus-2019- dataset), which contained data from 1085 patients with COVID-19. In the analyses, age, fever as an onset symptom, and sex were used as explanatory variables, and death as the objective variable. For age, we set a cutoff of 65 years. Results: Among 265 patients included in the analysis (the characteristics are shown in the Table), the interrelations for estimating death were determined as age “and” fever “and” sex (p < 0.0001 for both operators), i.e., satisfying the three conditions of age, fever, and sex concurrently may be associated with an increased risk of mortality. In this model, sensitivity and specificity were 25% and 89%, respectively Conclusion: These results partly reconfirmed the results of previous study regarding COVID-19 prognosis. Carrying out the BMCM in addition to the conventional analyses can help to clarify the clinical features of COVID-19 by determining interrelations of patient’s characteristics and symptoms.

Biography

Artical Title: Dental treatments during the COVID-19 pandemic in three hospitals in Jordan: A retrospective study

Abstract

Background: Cases of COVID-19 first emerged in December 2019. Since then, the virus has spread rapidly worldwide, with daily increases in the numbers of infections and deaths. COVID-19 spreads via airborne transmission, which renders dental treatment a potential source of virus transmission. Dental treatments require the use of handpieces, ultrasonic devices, or air–water syringes, which generate considerable amounts of aerosols. Jordan, being one of the affected countries, instituted preventive lockdown measures on March 17, 2020. Emergency dental treatments were only allowed in dental clinics of the Royal Medical Services of Jordan Armed Forces and Ministry of Health, and were prohibited in other sectors such as private clinics and universities. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the dental treatments performed in three military hospitals during the 44-day lockdown period in Jordan. The investigation explores the impact of COVID-19 on the number of patients and types of performed dental treatments. Methods: Data such as number of patients, patients’ age and gender, and performed dental treatments were collected retrospectively from the hospital records and were analyzed. Results: Our results showed a 90% (17,591 to 1689) decrease in patient visits during the lockdown period compared to regular days. The total number of treatments (n=1689) during the lockdown period varied between endodontic cases (n=877, 51.9%),extraction and other surgical cases (n=374, 22.1%), restorative cases (n=142, 8.4%), orthodontic treatments (n=4, 0.2%), and other procedures (n=292, 17.3%). The differences in gender and age group among all clinics were statistically significant (P<.001and P=.02, respectively). Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on the number of patients seeking dental treatments. It also affected the types of treatments performed. Endodontic treatment accounted for almost 50% of patient load during the lockdown compared to approximately 20% during regular days.

Biography

Dr. Lina Obeidat:- Consultant in Conservative dentistry at the Jordanian Royal Medical Services hospitals; joined since 1997 till now.- Head of dentistry at the Professional Training Department, Jordanian Royal Medical Services, (Setting and supervising residency exams for residents in all dental specialties within the Royal Medical Services in addition to professional classifications and organizing trainings for dentists).- Jordanian Dental Board (JDB) in Conservative Dentistry since 2005, and is a member of Jordanian Dental Association since 1997 since graduation form Faculty of Dentistry – University of Jordan. -Part time lecturer at the Faculty of Dentistry in both the University of Jordan (2009-2019) and the University of Science and Technology (2013-2018).

Artical Title: High mortality among health personnel with COVID-19 in Mexico

Abstract

Issue: On September 2020, records of mortality in health personnel were published worldwide and by country, and the country with the highest mortality in health personnel due to COVID-19 was Mexico with 1,320 confirmed deaths by COVID-19, surpassing the United States of America (USA) and the United Kingdom (UK), with 1,077 and 649 respectively. Evidence: Some factors that contribute to this are health measures, the correct use of personal protective equipment and the higher prevalence of comorbidities in our country such as diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity; which are risk factors for complications from COVID-19 including mortality. Implications: This outbreak took everyone by surprise showing how vulnerable our health system is. Nevertheless, we had to reactivate the economy by allowing the opening of businesses, but this implied that health personnel (nurses, doctor, technicians, etc.) had a greater risk of complications in this country compared to other countries.

Biography

Artical Title: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and its effect on gastrooesophageal reflux disease

Abstract

Background: Obesity continues to be a leading public health concern associated with many comorbidities and major hindering effect on the daily lifestyle of many people around the world. Surgical treatment for obesity has proved that it is the best and most effective, durable means of preventing the life-threatening complications and serious problems associated with morbid obesity. Objective: This study aims at identifying the effect of LSG on UGI symptoms after a mean of 6 months of follow up. Patients and Methods: Our study was conducted on 25 morbidly obese patients undergoing LSG for weight reduction. Thorough history, clinical examination and investigations were applied including the validated Rome III Diagnostic questionnaire and UGI endoscopy on cases with sever symptoms. Patients were examined before surgery and had no primary complications. Patients were followed up for 6 months regarding UGI symptoms specially GERD using the same validated Rome III Diagnostic questionnaire. Results: GERD prevalence didn’t significantly change although a significant number of patients recovered from GERD which support the theory that the mechanism of upper GI symptoms after LSG is mainly due to altered motility patterns rather than acid-related disorders. Conclusion: Our results show that LSG represents a safe and effective procedure to achieve significant weight loss. GERD which was considered to be a main troublesome impact of LSG showed no significant change in prevalence, on the contrary appear to abolish the symptom in a significant number of patients who complained of GERD.

Biography

Andrew MorcosAzmyKirollos is a general surgery specialist from cairo,Egypt , he got trained in his residency in the department of general surgery in both student's hospital at cairo university and then in the department of general surgery at Ain Shams university hospitals . He got his Master degree from Ain shams university in 2019. Now he is a member of liver transplant team of Ain shams university.

Artical Title: Novel and traditional anthropometric indices for identifying metabolic syndromein non-overweight/obese adults

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in non-overweight/obese people is insidiously associated with cardiovascular disease. Novel anthropometric indices can reflect central obesity better than the traditional anthropometricindices. Therefore, we hypothesize that these newly developed anthropometric indices can better identify MetS in non-overweight/obese people than conventional indices. Methods: Cross-sectional data of sociodemographic, biochemical and anthropometric indices were collected from2916 non-overweight/obese Chinese people. A body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR),weight adjusted-waist index (WWI) and abdominal volume index (AVI) were calculated. Partial correlation analysis was used to clarify the correlation between anthropometric indices and MetS variables. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the association between anthropometric indices and MetS and its components. Receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to identify the diagnostic ability of anthropometric indices forMetS and its components. The area under curve (AUC) difference between WHtR and each new anthropometric indexwas compared in pairs. Results: After adjusting for covariates, AVI had the optimal ability of identifying MetS (AUC: 0.743 for male, 0.819for female) and the strongest correlation with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (coe: − 0.227 for male, − 0.207 for female) and the highest odds rations (OR) with low HDL-C group (male: OR=1.37, female: OR=1.55). TheWHtR was comparable to BRI in assessing MetS(AUC: 0.739 for male, 0.817 for female). WHtR or BRI could also well identify hypertension (AUC: 0.602 for male, 0.688 for female) and dysglycemia (AUC: 0.669 for male, 0.713 for female)and female’s high triglyceride level (AUC 0.712). There cognition ability of the two was equivalent. The ability of ABSI and WWI to identify MetS was weak. Conclusions: AVI is the optimal anthropometric indices to identify MetS in non-overweight/ obese Chinese adults.BRI and WHtR can also be considered as discriminators, while ABSI and WWI are weak discriminators. WHtR is easyto measure. So, it is recommended as an early preliminary screening method for the MetS in non-overweight/obesepeople.

Biography

Artical Title: Clinical efficacy of prodom-assisted urokinase in the treatment of male infertility caused by impaired semen liquefaction

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of prodom in the administration of urokinase in the vagina in couples with impaired semen liquefaction. Materials and Methods: Overall, 261 patients with impaired semen liquefaction were randomly divided into prodom-assisted urokinase treatment (PAUT) group (n=91), syringe-assisted urokinase treatment (SAUT) group (n=86), and traditional treatment (TT) group (n=84)in the first stage.If the firststage of treatment failed, other treatment methods were initiated instead and the patients were grouped according to the newer treatment method in the second stage.The pregnancy rate, time-to-conception, and treatment costs were evaluated in each group. Results: In the first stage, the pregnancy rate in the PAUT, SAUT, and TT groups was 69.23%, 29.07%, and 22.62%, respectively; the time to-conception was 2.66±1.44, 3.69±2.61, and 3.86±3.00 months, respectively; and the treatment costs were 658.18±398.40, 666.67±507.50, and 680.56±480.94 $, respectively. The pregnancy rate and time-to conception were different in the PAUT group compared with those in SAUT and TT groups (all P<0.05). However, the difference in treatment costs was not significant (P=0.717). In the second stage, 154 non-pregnant patients were divided into nine treatment groups, and the effects of changing TT to PAUT on the pregnancy rate, time-to-conception, and treatment costs were observed to be different from those of other treatments (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Prodom-assisted urokinase can effectively treat male infertility secondary toimpaired semen liquefaction.

Biography

Zongping Chen, male, Doctor of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Urology Department, Chief Physician, Professor, Master Tutor.Standing member of urinary and male genitourinary tumor committee of Chinese human health science and technology promotion association.Reviewer, BMJ Open SCI Journal.Since 1997, he has been specialized in the treatment of urinary diseases with minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopy, percutaneous nephroscopy, soft/hard ureteroscope, cystoscope, andelectroprostatectomy.He is especially good at the standardized diagnosis and treatment of kidney stones, adrenal tumors, renal cancer, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, hemospermia, and urethral stricture/atresia.He has published 31 papers, including 8 SCI papers.

Artical Title: Prevalence of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its impact on quality of life among diabetic patients in Western Region, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is the most common long-term complications of diabetes, frequently presenting as painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN), which can significantly impair patients’ quality of life. This study set to estimate prevalence of PNPD and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the setting of primary health care in Saudi Arabia. Method: This study was conducted in primary health care centers affiliated with the National Guard Health Affairs in Western Saudi Arabia. Arabic version of the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire was administered on diabetic patients to screen for neuropathic pain and short form (SF12) questionnaire to assess Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Results: The study screened (n = 349) type 2 diabetic patients. Prevalence of PDPN was 33.2%. PDRN was more likely to affect females (Adjusted odds ratio “AOR” = 1.96, p = 0.024), and those living with diabetes for over 15 years (AOR = 2.26, p = 0.039), and those on insulin treatment (AOR: 2.33, p=0.010) alone, or in combination (AOR= 1.78, p=0.034). Both physical and mental components of quality of life scores were significantly higher in diabetic patients without PDPN compared to those with it; 49.57±9.31 versus 40.77±8.14 for physical component QOL and 51.72±9.36 versus 44.35±8.12 for mental component QOL, p<0.001. Discussion and Conclusion: Painful peripheral neuropathy is relatively common among type 2 diabetic patients in Western Saudi Arabia and impacts both physical and mental components of the quality of life of affected patients.

Biography

Artical Title: Agent-based performance management model for hospital emergency service system: A multi-agent based framework

Abstract

Technological innovations have made possible the design of intelligent and interoperable systems to enable distributed systems' cooperation and interoperability while providing real-time monitoring and control of analytical processes. In this direction, different sensing and networking technologies have been proposed in the literature, and many Artificial Intelligent (AI) methods are used to convert systems into intelligent systems. A multi-agent system comprises intelligent software agents that can perform a specific objective autonomously by interaction and coordinated task control. This interaction enables the distributed cooperative control of the system. This study aims to design well defined integrated multi-agent-based hospital emergency service environment with the self-decision-making capability to increase service quality. The proposed performance management model ensures that the system's management success level is measured by associating the performance of the emergency service process with the operations involved in the process. In the proposed model, goal-based learning and adaptability are defined not only to meet the new solution for performance management but also to follow this service's goals. Besides, it provides information and a prototype framework of a dynamic, flexible, and intelligent emergency service system model integrating various operations.

Biography

Dr. Banu Çalış Uslu is a Research Associate at Marmara University. She graduated from Sakarya University Faculty of Engineering Industrial Engineering Department in 2000. Following graduation, she worked as a planning and project engineer for three years. In 2008, she completed the master's degree program at Marmara University on Engineering Management. In 2015, she received a Ph.D. title by completing the Ph.D. program of Marmara University on Industrial Engineering. After she finalized her doctorate, she went to the UK, worked as a Postdoctoral Researcher. Banu Çalış Uslu has scientific publications in internationally and nationally acclaimed journals in the field of scheduling, optimization, simulation, and agent-based systems and presentations in international and national scientific congresses on her research areas.

Artical Title: A method to produce high contrast vein visualization in Active Dynamic Thermography (ADT)

Abstract

In this study, a method that will aid in the visualization of vein topology on a target area on the body of a human subject is demonstrated. An external cooling means is configured to cool the left forearm of fourteen study participants, effecting an active thermal change or recovery in the target area upon removal of cooling. An infrared (IR) thermal camera was used to capture a series of transient thermal images. These images were then processed to extract Dynamic synthetic images (SI) throughout the active thermal change or recovery process. Dynamic SI was calculated using a quantitative parameter called tissue activity ratio (TAR), which is defined by the rate of rewarming to the rate of cooling at each pixel of interest. A fixed step size of rewarming temperature (0.5 °C) was used to progressively extract multiple synthetic images throughout the whole recovery process. Compared to a Static SI extraction method, where only a single SI results from the whole active dynamic thermography (ADT) sequence, this study demonstrates a live feed of high contrast vein visualizations by using the Dynamic SI method. Furthermore, the dependency of Dynamic SI contrast on the temperature of the external cooling stimulation was investigated. Three cooling stimulation temperatures (5 °C, 8 °C, and 11 °C) were tested, where no statistically significant difference in the resulting SI contrast was found. Lastly, a discussion is put forth on assisting venipuncture or cannulation-based clinical applications, through the incorporation of the proposed method with a projection system.

Biography

Artical Title: COVID-19 price gouging cases in South Africa: Short-term market dynamics with long-term implications for excessive pricing cases

Abstract

The enforcement of competition law internationally was significantly bolstered during thepandemic.ThiswasparticularlythecaseinSouthAfricawheretemporaryregulationswere implemented to provide the competition authorities the powers to regulate and address the threat posed through ‘price-gouging’ of products considered critical to South African consumers during the pandemic. To aid in providing access to healthcare and the public interest, competition agencies have found themselves dealing with a host of issues which are broader than those which competition agencies traditionally grappled with. Our paper explores two recent decisions by the South African Competition Tribunal, and in particular, the Tribunal’s approach to assessing ‘dominance’, in the context of temporaryand‘abnormal’marketconditions,broughtaboutbythepandemic,andwhatthese decisions mean for the assessment of ‘dominance’ and excessive pricing cases post the pandemic. The paper includes a view from the Competition Appeal Court (“CAC”) in the subsequentappealoftheBabelegicase,discussedinthepaper,whereintheCACheldmost notably that, in the context of the pandemic, short cuts in decision making by the Tribunal should not be countenanced. Even so, the CAC upheld the Tribunal’s first instance decision. Our paper, therefore,assesseshowtheTribunal’sassessmentof‘dominance’andexcessive pricing,asconfirmedbytheCAC,mayhavepermanentlyintroducedtheconceptof‘temporary market power’ in South African competition jurisprudence; concerns that many companies, not otherwise perceived to be ‘dominant’, may fall foul of the watered down economic test for excessive pricing during the pandemic; and the unintended consequences which may ultimately limit production or retard innovation.

Biography

Co-founding principal director of Primerio, John practices broadly in the regulatory field and principally in competition law and white-collar crime issues, including industry restructuring initiatives, joint ventures, cartel investigations, leniency applications, merger control, merger intervention,generalcompetitionlitigation,FCPAandsimilarinvestigationsanddefencework, and commercial litigation. John has headed a commercial and regulatory work practice for over a decade and is the first African representative to be appointed to the OECD’s Competition Committee under the auspices of Business at the OECD. John is a member of the ICN Advocacy Strategy Project on “Planning an effective advocacy strategy” as well as part of the drafting team for the ICN’s Advocacy Working Group’s ‘Competition Benefits Project’. John has been nominated to the 2020 International Advisory Experts, Who’s Who of Competition Lawyers in South Africa 2021, the Fourth Edition of the Best Lawyers® list for South Africa 2019 and 2020, Chambers and Partners 2021, IFLR Leading Lawyer 2021, endorsed by Practical Law Company’s Which Lawyer? Yearbook Euromoney’s Guide to the World’s Leading Competition and Antitrust Lawyers/Economists, 2021 and The International Who’sWhoofBusinessLawyers2021.Johnisanauthorandco-editorofJUTA’sClassAction Litigation in South Africa and is the African regional contributor to various publications on behalf of the American Bar Association Section of International Law and Section of Antitrust Law. Co-foundingdirectorofPrimerio,Michael-JamesholdsandLLMinEconomicsinCompetition LawatKingsCollege,Londonandpracticesprincipallyinthefieldofcompetitionandgeneral regulatory law. Michael-James has experience in a broad range of competition law matters including advising clients on general restrictive practices, abuse of dominance cases, cartel investigations, search and seizure operations, leniency and exemption applications, market inquiries and merger control. Michael has experience in advising clients across Africa, and hasassistedclientsonarangeofcompetitionlawandgeneralcommercialmattersoutsideof SouthAfrica.Michael-JamesisamemberoftheICNAdvocacyStrategyProjecton“Planning an effective advocacy strategy” (2018) as well as part of the drafting team for the ICN’s Advocacy Working Group’s ‘Competition Benefits Project’ (2018). Michael-James was selected as an Erasmus exchange student to the University of Antwerp, Belgium, focussing on European competition and economic law. Senior Associate of Primerio, Charl practices broadly in the regulatory field and principally in competition law, consumer protection law and white-collar crime. Charl has experience in a broad range of competition law and related matters, including investigations, leniency applications, merger control and litigation. Charl previously worked as a foreign Associate on secondment in the Competition/Antitrust department of Gleiss Lutz Hootz Hirsch in Stuttgart, Germany.

Artical Title: Public knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19

Abstract

To control the COVID-19 outbreak in Indonesia, the government implemented rules such as clean and healthy living behavior by all components of public, isolation, and early detection. Community knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19 play an important role in determining the readiness of the community in accepting policies in the form of behavior change from the health authority. This study aims to determine the KAP toward COVID-19 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A cross-sectional online survey of 155 householders was conducted between 04 May 2020 and 18 May 2020. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one way analysis of variance were conducted. The survey instrument was adapted from the Guidelines provided by the Ministry of Health in COVID-19 Prevention at the Village level. This research shows that the Indonesian public has good knowledge to prevent COVID-19 transmission. Most have a positive attitude towards the government in handling the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia and most have shown good practice to prevent transmission and increase immunity. However, if the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of the public towards the dangers of COVID-19 are not comprehensive, the risk of new cases and the speed of transmission will still arise. Therefore, consistent information and education from the health authorities and/or government to the community is the key to controlling COVID-19 transmission. Besides, public categories based on demographic characteristics need to be identified so that information and education are right on target.

Biography

Nur AlviraPascawati. is a Lecturer at the Respati University of Yogyakarta, Faculty of Health Science and he has been teaching for thirteen years. Hestudied at the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP), Faculty of Medicine at Gadjah Mada University and his responsibilities are teaching, conducting research individually or in a team, and vice dean and also Working as a Lecturer of Biostatistics, Surveillance, and Epidemiology requires deep knowledge of Public Health and experiences in advanced research.

Artical Title: The possible link of gut microbiota Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Abstract

Gut-Brain Axis (GBA) is extensively studied nowadays, especially about its possible link to various neuropsychiatric disorders, one of them being Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We reviewed the existing studies analyzing the gut microbiota between human samples in ADHD and health individuals. The literatures were obtained using Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases. The keyword used were “ADHD”, “gut microbiota”, “stool”, “gut”, and “microbiota”. All of the selected studies were case-control study. We found forty-nine bacterium taxa, but for now none of them can explain the precise relationship between ADHD and gut microbiota. Bifidobacterium was found increased in ADHD, but other study stated that this genus was decreased in ADHD with post-micronutrient treatment. This may suggest that micronutrient can modulate the population of Bifidobacterium and improve the behaviour of ADHD patients. Another genus found decreased in ADHD was Dialister, but found to be increased in those consumed medications. Lastly, the abundance of genus Faecalibacteriumwas found lower which may induce over-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We can say this because Faecalibacteriumis known for its anti-inflammatory products, whilst ADHD patients tend to have high level of pro-inflammatory cytokines. There were no studies that explain which bacterial taxa correlated most to ADHD. This might occur due to different model and methods in each study. Further study is needed to identify the correlation between gut microbiota and ADHD.

Biography

Alverina Cynthia Sukmajaya received her medical degree in discipline from Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga and is currently working as a co-assistant in the Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. Her professional interests focus on psychiatric disorders and her current projects include the systematic review of possible link of gut microbiota and major depression disorder in Surabaya, Indonesia. In addition, she served as vice representative external for AMSA-Universitas Airlangga, and right now is a member of advisory board for AMSA-Universitas Airlangga.

Artical Title: Extramedullary versus intramedullary bone fixation treatment of peritrochanteric fractures

Abstract

Background: In the last few decades the rate of peritrochanteric fractures has been increased because of increased rate of high velocity trauma accident and bone rarefaction due to osteoporosis in old age. DHS and PFN are the gold standard treatments used in treatment of these fractures. Nineteen studies are identified for analysis from 2007 to 2017 that meet our points of comparison. Aim of the work: Assessing of efficacy and complications of treatmeant of preitrochantric fracture by DHS versus PFN. Materials and methods: Outcomes from included trials will be combined using the systematic review manger software and manually screened for eligibility to be included. PRISMA flowchart will be produced based on the search results and the inclusion /exclusion criteria. After pooling of the collected data from the desired search studies, the relative risk of each of intended outcome measures of interest will be calculated and compared between each of the two main methods of peritrochanteric bone fixation treatment to reach a satisfactory conclusion. Evidence of publication bias will be sought using the funnel plot method. Results: PFN is better for treating unstable peritrochanteric fractures as it has less complications and better efficacy than DHS. Conclusion: The present study supports the treatment of peritrochanteric fractures with PFN, as it has less failure of fixation, decreased wound infection, less duration of surgery and less non-union complication than DHS.

Biography

Artical Title: Effect of COVID-19 stressors on healthcare workers’ performance and attitude at Suez Canal university hospitals

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an emerging respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus effect on 10%-20% of total healthcare workers and was first detected in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. This study was designed to assess effect of covid-19 stressors on healthcare workers' performance and attitude. A descriptive cross sectional research design was used. A Convenient sample (all available healthcare workers) physicians “112”, nurses“183”, pharmacists “31” and laboratory technicians “38” was participated to conduct aim of the study. Utilize the study with two tools; online self-administrated questionnaire to assess level of knowledge, attitude and infection control measures regarding coronavirus disease 2019 and COVID-19 stress scales to assess the varied stressors among healthcare workers. Results: More than three quarter of the studied participants had satisfactory level of knowledge and infection control measures. Approximately all of the studied participants had positive attitude regarding COVID-19. (57.4%) of the studied medical participants had moderate COVID-19 Psychological Stress levels, while (49.1%) of the studied paramedical participants had moderate COVID-19 Psychological Stress levels. But less than one quarter had severe COVID-19 Psychological Stress levels. There is a significant correlation between COVID-19 psychological stressors levels and satisfactory level of knowledge among medical participants. Conclusion/Implications for Practice: Most of health care workers had satisfactory level of knowledge, infection control measures and positive attitude regarding COVID-19. Most of them had moderate COVID-19 Psychological Stress levels.

Biography

Artical Title: Effect of aging on the cornea of male albino rat and possible therapeutic role of royal jelly

Abstract

Introduction: Nowadays interest in aging has greatly increased. Aging is a complex natural process involving every molecule in the body, that is associated with tissue dysfunction in many organs. Aging of the cornea causes major eye effects. These effects include the highly prevalent dry eye disease (DED) that affects both visual function and quality of life in elderly. Functional foods such as Royal jelly (RJ) have a growing attention. Its importance not only for its nutritional properties but also for its functional and biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antiviral. Aim: Was to investigate the histological effect of aging on the cornea of male albino rat and possible therapeutic role of (RJ) on senile group. Materials and methods: Twenty-four male albino rats were used in this study divided into Group I: consisted of 6 adult male rats aged 3- 6 months.Group II: consisted of 18 senile male rats aged 18-24 months, were further subdivided into three subgroups as follows:Group IIA: negative control senile rats, not subjected to any procedure for 4 weeks. Group IIB: control senile rats and were given distilled water. Group IIC: senile rats were of 300/kg/day orally once daily for 4 weeks. The cornea of each rat was carefully dissected out and immediately fixed in 10% formalin for preparation of paraffin blocks 5 micrometer thickness. Sections were stained with (H&E), Masson's trichrome and(PAS) counterstaining with hematoxylin. Statistical analysis was done. Results: Light microscopic examination of corneas of senile rats revealed different changes included irregularity in the surface epithelium, erosions and cytoplasmic vacuolations. The stroma showed widely separated collagen fibers with decreased keratocyte and endothelial cell count. It was concluded that (RJ) supplementation to senile rats obviously improved all layers of the cornea histologically.

Biography

Artical Title: Valproate attenuates hypertonic glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury

Abstract

Objectives: The current study investigated the effects of treatment with 300 mg/kg valproic acid on rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury induced by intramuscular injection of hypertonic glycerol in rats. Methods: Four groups of male Wistar rats: control and hypertonic glycerol, valproic acid and valproic acid + hypertonic glycerol treated groups were used. Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, creatinine kinase (CK) and CK MB, myoglobin and renal reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Histopathological examination of the kidneys was carried out to evaluate the degree of renal injury in each group. The expression of interleukin-1 beta ‘‘IL-1β’’ in renal tissue was detected using immunohistochemistry. Results: Hypertonic glycerol administration led to severe renal tubular damage with a significant elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, creatinine kinase, CK MB and myoglobin levels and overexpression of IL-1β compared to control group. Valproic acid administration attenuated both the muscle injury and the acute kidney injury induced by hypertonic glycerol, estimated through a significant reduction of creatinine kinase, myoglobin, and serum creatinine. Valproic acid administration caused a significant increase in GSH in the hypertonic glycerol + valproic acid group compared to the hypertonic glycerol group. A significant decrease in tubular necrosis grade, and expression of IL-1β in hypertonic glycerol + valproic acid group compared to the hypertonic glycerol group was observed. Conclusion: This study demonstrates, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, that valproic acid could ameliorate the rhabdomyolysis and the related acute kidney injury in rats.

Biography

Mohammad Salem Hareedy from Assiut, Egypt, 38 years old, assistant professor (lecturer) of pharmacology and toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt. I was graduated from the Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Egypt, in 2005; then I had M.Sc. in Pharmacology (2010), the master thesis titled: "Study of effects of clozapine and risperidone on the antiepileptic activity of valproic acid". I had a Ph.D. in Pharmacology; thesis titled "Genetic Study of Thiopurine-S-methyl Transferase Enzyme and Other Genetic Markers in Egyptian Pediatric Patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Maintained on 6-Mercaptopurine Drug” (2016) where I worked in both Assiut University, Egypt and Limoges University, France. I am a member of the Egyptian medical syndicate. Member of IATDMCT, the French society of pharmacology and therapeutics and the Egyptian society of pharmacology & experimental therapeutics. Research activities: Therapeutic drug monitoring, toxicology, pharmacogenomics, nephrotoxicity, dermatological pharmacology, Hepatotoxicity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacovigilance.

Artical Title: Public and healthcare providers awareness of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: The rapid and extensive spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has become a major cause of concern for both general public and healthcare profession. Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate the awareness of both the general public and healthcare providers in Qassim region in Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted randomly in different shopping malls in Qassim region from 10th of February to 10th of March 2020. All participants have answered the designed questionnaire.The structured questionnaire recorded demographics and awareness of both public participants as well as health care providers. Result: A total of 130 participants have answered the designed questionnaire, out of which 67participantswere males (58.5%) and 54 were females (41.5%). Overall, 129 (99%) out of the 130 participants are aware of COVID-19, and 116 (90%) have recognize it as a respiratory disease and 100% of the participants have recognized it as a contagious disease. Around 94% of the participants were able to recognize the correct incubation period of the virus. Participants of the age group 20–40 showed higher awareness level than other age groups (P value = 0.005). In addition, government employees showed higher awareness level than other profession groups (P = 0.039). Results showed significant positive correlation between the recognition of high-risk groups, reliable source of information, infection symptoms, disease prevention and available treatments. Conclusion: General public and health care professionals from Qassim Region showed adequate awareness of COVID-19. However, there is a strong need to implement periodic educational interventions and training programs on infection control practices for COVID-19 across all healthcare professions.

Biography

Artical Title: Correlation of blunt cervical spinal cord injury magnetic resonance imaging tractography with the American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale motor scores

Abstract

Background: The introduction of the Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification system has created the need for a holistic imaging approach that encompasses both functional (neurological) and morphological information. This study aimed to determine if there was a correlation between the blunt cervical spinal cord injury diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fraction anisotropy (FA) value and the American Spine Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale motor score. DTI was performed on 26 patients with blunt cervical spine injury (all men with a median age of 46 years) admitted to the Pelonomi Tertiary Hospital spinal unit. Imaging was performed using the 1.5T Siemens Magnetom Aera machine’s built-in spine DTI protocol. Sagittal FA values were acquired at four different cervical spine regions (medulla oblongata, above the injury site, at the injury site and below the injury site). Eight of the 26 patients had complete neurological fallout. 30% of the total participants had injuries at the C4/C5 level, whilst injuries involving segments below and above C4/C5 affected 15% and 55% of participants, respectively. Injury site FA values (median 0.30) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) than the above injury site FA (median 0.46, p = 0.26) and below injury site FA (median 0.42 and p = 0.019). A significant correlation was noted between the injury site FA values and the ASIA impairment scale motor scores (p = 0.001, r = 0.87). Conclusion: FA value showed excellent correlation with the ASIA impairment scale motor scores.

Biography

Dr Orapeleng Seboco is a junior lecture at the University of Limpopo clinical imaging science department. He obtained his undergraduate degree in medicine at the University of the Free State in 2008. He currently holds a post graduate degree in radiology also obtained in the University of the Free State. His main research field is in DTI and its clinical application.

Artical Title: Dyslipidemia management in coronary heart disease patients at King Faisal Cardiac Center over a period of two years

Abstract

Aim: To measure the control of dyslipidemia according to the 2017 AACE guidelines in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients at King Faisal’s Cardiac Center (KFCC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia over a period of two years. Methods: Cross-sectional design was employed to collect data of CHD patients from 2016-2018. The inclusion criteria were adults who underwent cardiac catheterization and have received pharmacological therapy for over two months. Exclusion criteria were patients without follow-up lipid profiles. Primary outcome was the percentage of patients who are reaching LDL target; and secondary outcomes included the percentage of patients who are not reaching target whether they were receiving optimum therapy or not, and determine factors associated with increased LDL-C levels. Results: Data was collected for 1413 patients and only 546 patients were included. Using the 2017 AACE guidelines' risk categories, 74.9% of the patients were at extreme risk of cardiovascular complications, with the rest being at very-high risk. Lipid levels post-catheterization showed that only 16.9% of the total population achieved target LDL-C levels. The percentage of patients from the total population that were on optimum therapy and reached target were 15.6%, while17.7% (p-value 0.545) were not on optimum therapy and reached target. When comparing the baseline and post-therapy LDL-C levels there was a mean difference of 0.440 mmol/L decrease in the LDL-C post-therapy level (2-tailed p-value 0.000). The factors significantly associated with patients not reaching the LDL-C target levels were the AACE risk category, age, and diabetes. Conclusion: Our study showed that regardless of optimum lipid lowering therapy, the majority of patients fail to attain lipid targets. More studies should be conducted with the aim of expanding these results and providing better support of evidence on risk factors for CHD and the optimized treatment regimens for patients at KFCC.

Biography

Malak BinShihon has graduated this year, with honors, from the college of medicine in King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. She was her class leader and is currently the chief intern. She has one publication and a few ongoing papers in the process of publication.

Artical Title: Dealing with uncertainty; Systems dynamics approach for modelling South Africa response to COVID-19

Abstract

Many countries in the world are still struggling to control the COVID-19 pandemic. In Sub-Sahara Africa, South Africa has reported the highest number of COVID-19 infections. The country took aggressive steps to control the spread of virus including setting a national command team for COVID-19 and putting the country on a complete lockdown for more than 100 days. Evidence across most countries have shown that, it is vital to monitor the progression pandemics and assess the effects of various public health measures, such as lockdown on mass gatherings. Countries need to have scientific tools to assist in the monitoring and assessment of effectiveness of mitigation interventions. This study presents a systems dynamic model of the COVID-19 infection in South Africa, as one of such tools. The key purpose of developing the model was to assess the extent a system dynamics model can forecast the COVID-19 infections in South Africa and be a useful tool in evaluating government interventions to manage the epidemics through ‘what if’ simulations. Our model simulation shows progression and upsurge in infections with the peak being anticipated to be in the last quarter of the Year 2020. The model satisfactorily depict the general trend of COVID infections and recovery for South Africa which is in sync with the actual recorded data within the first 100 Days since the recorded first case of infection. The current presented model provides evidence to suggest that systems dynamics can be a useful tool in monitoring pandemics such as COVID-19 despite the limitation of predicting these with a lower margin of error. It provides a foundation for further development taking into account more factors or parameters that emerge for the volatile and uncertain spread of pandemics such as the first ever COVID-19 epidemic.

Biography

Artical Title: Burnout syndrome among medical students during traditional learning before and online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, all educational institutions in Kazakhstan have switched to online learning (OL). Previously, using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, we noted that the prevalence of personal, studies-related, teacher-related burnout decreased, however,colleague-related burnout increased after transitioning from traditional learning (TL) to OL [1]. A repeated questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students at Astana Medical University in the 2019–2020 academic year. The first study was conducted during the TL (October–November 2019, N=554), and the second study was conducted during the OL period (April 2020, N=694). Burnout was assessed using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory adopted and validated by authors [2]. The prevalence of burnout among bachelor students during the period of TL and OLis presented in Fig. 1 (A). Female students were 1.85 times more often to be disengaged during the TL (p<0.05), during the OL there were no gender differences in burnout prevalence. Regardless of gender, after the transition to OL, the incidence of exhaustion and disengagement decreased (Fig. 1B). Among bachelors,2nd-year TL students showed the highest level of burnout (42% vs 28.8%, p<0.001), however during the OL there were no differences in the year of study. Among internship students, the incidence of burnout did not change (TL – 41.5%, OL – 42.9%). Zis et al.found that emotional exhaustion decreased significantly in year 4 but increased in year 6, and cynicism increased in all years [3].In conclusion, the shift to OL due to the pandemic reduced students’burnout. Since this study was conducted in an early period of the pandemic, further research is needed to assess the impact of OL and the pandemic on medical student’s burnout.

Biography

Aidos K. Bolatov, MD – lecturer at Astana Medical University. Since 2019, a member of the Academic Senate of the University. Research interests include medical education, psychology and statistics. Telman Z. Seisembekov - Doctor of Medical Sciences, full-professor at Astana Medical University, Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Kazakhstan. Research interests include medical education and internal medicine.

Artical Title: Impact of economic and educational poverty on disease control in emerging countries

Abstract

Introduction: In Angola, the first cases were identified on March 21, 2020, and projections point to a number close to 28,000 infected people and more than 600 deaths to date. Objectives: To analyze the impact of economic and educational poverty on disease control in emerging countries like Angola. Methodology: Analytical study based on observations of the behavior of the Angolan population since the emergence of the first cases of COVID-19, the numbers of cases and deaths per COVID-19 of the last 10 months (July 2020 to April 2021). Results: Official data show that by May 8, 2021, 28,477 cases of COVID-19 had been diagnosed, from this 26,559 (93%) occurred between the months of July 2020 and the month of April 2021 and 630 people have already died, of these 596 (95%)deaths occurred in this period. The lowest number of COVID-19 cases was observed in July 2020 were did not reach 1,000 cases (average of 27.8 cases, SD = 18.4) and 40 deaths (average of 1.2 deaths, SD = 1.5). From that period on, the number of cases increased significantly, reaching the mark of 5833 cases in October (average of 188.2 cases, SD = 77.1) with 109 deaths (average of 3.3 deaths, SD = 2, 6). Although there are great concerns about the increase in cases, the epidemiological data of Angola are still more encouraging when compared to most countries in the world and in Africa, however, unemployment, hunger, lack of minimum conditions for survival, lack of health education, lack of assistance medical and medicine and other social phenomena could compromise the pandemic prevention and control strategies. Conclusion: Health education policies are more comprehensive and if we reduce social inequalities allowing even the poorest to have minimum conditions of survival such as access to water, electricity, food and other basic needs.

Biography

Euclides Nenga Manuel Sacomboioholding PhD in Health Sciences by the Graduate Program of the School of Medicine of Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná (PUCPR) in 2017. Master's Degree in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology by the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the School of Biological Sciences and Health UNIVERSITY FEDERAL DO PARANÁ (UFPR) in 2014. Postgraduate (Specialization) in Clinical and General Microbiology by the School of Biosciences at Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná (PUCPR) in 2012. Postgraduate (Specialization) in Health Surveillance by the Faculdade De Ciences De Wenceslau Braz (FACIBRA) in 2017. Graduation in Nursing from the superior health sciences institute of university agostinho neto (ISCISA/UAN) in 2010. Graduation in Pedagogy from the Faculty Of Sciences Of Wenceslau Braz (FACIBRA) in 2017. He is post-doctoral student in Health Sciences at the School of Medicine of Pontifícia Universidade Católica Do Paraná (PUCPR). He is currently a professor at the Instituto Superior De Health Sciences/Universidade Agostinho Neto.

Artical Title: Ethnobotanical and antiplasmodial investigation on Guinean Terminalia species

Abstract

Context and Aim: Species of the Terminalia (Combretaceae) are used worldwide in traditional medicine to treat different kinds of diseases. Among the 30 Terminalia species described in Africa, 11 have been reported in the flora of Guinea by Lisowski. In the present work, a summary of the traditional uses and ant-plasmodial activity of 6 Terminalia species is presented. Methods: Six voucher specimens of Terminalia species (T. albida, T. catappa, T. glaucescens, T. ivorensis, T. macroptera and T. superba) collected across the country were used during a semi-structured interview with traditional healers. Knowledge of these plants and their medicinal uses was collected. Methanolic extracts of the roots and stem bark of the 6 Terminalia species were prepared and tested for their anti-plasmodial activity. Results: Among the hundred traditional healers interviewed, (91) knowed T. albida, (48) T. catappa, (24) T. glaucescens, (8) T. ivorensis, (7) T. macroptera and (1) T. superba. Terminalia species were used against several diseases among this malaria, hemorrhoids, skin diseases, jaundice. The roots and stem bark of T. glaucescens, T. ivorensis, T.macropteraand T. superba showed strong anti-plasmodial activity in vitro (IC50 ≤ 5 μg/mL). The roots and stem bark of T. albida and T. catappa, showed good anti-plasmodial activity (5 μg/mL≤ IC50 ≤ 10 μg/mL). Discussion and conclusion: Traditional healers in Guinea, like Traditional healers in the worldwide used Terminalia species, for many applications including treating malaria, hemorrhoids, skin diseases, jaundice. The data from anti-plasmodial activity of theses Terminalia species could explain the traditional use against malaria. More investigations have engaged to further investigation of T. albida mainly against malaria.

Biography

Balde A.O is a pharmacist, his academic evolution took place at the Department of Pharmacy of the University of Conakry, Guinea (1996-2001). He holds a Doctorate in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PhD, ULB, 2005-2010), and a CAMES Aggregation, he is Associate Professor in Pharmacognosy. In the pedagogical field, he contributed to the education, sensitization and training of students, researchers and traditional practitioners, through approaches based on the ethnobotanical approach. He has co-supervised two doctoral theses (PhD), more than 25 theses in pharmacy.

Artical Title: Determinants of selfreported correct knowledge about tuberculosis transmission among men and women in Malawi: Evidence from a nationwide household survey

Abstract

Background: Correct knowledge about transmission of tuberculosis (TB) can influence better health-seeking behaviors, and in turn, it can aid TB prevention in society. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the prevalence and predictors of self-reported correct knowledge about TB transmission among adults in Malawi. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the data obtained from the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey, 2015/16 (MDHS 2015/16). Questions regarding self-reported TB transmission were computed to evaluate the correct knowledge about TB transmission. The factors associated with the correct knowledge about Tb were assessed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression. Results: Overall, the prevalence of correct knowledge about TB transmission in the general population of Malawian adults was 61.5%. Specifically, the prevalence of correct knowledge about TB transmission was 63.6 and 60.8% in men and women, respectively. Those aged 35–44 years, having secondary or high education, belonging to the richest household, being exposed to mass media, being in professional/technical/managerial, having knowledge that “TB can be cured”, and those living in urban areas were significantly associated with correct knowledge about TB transmission. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that if appropriate strategies for TB communication and education to address the rural masses, young individuals, poor individuals, and individuals in the agriculture sector are put it place, can enhance TB prevention in Malawi.

Biography

Artical Title: Evaluation of the awareness about hepatitis among Ardabil Medical University students in 2016

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatitis is one of the five infectious diseases in the world that yearly one million people die and nearly 2 million sufferers from it. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most important cause of liver disease and the major cause of death from hepatitis in Iran. The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge about hepatitis among medical students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methodology: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study that has been done on 150 students were selected randomly from Ardabil University of Medical Sciences students in 2016. The data collected by a questionnaire consisted of 25 questions. The collected data were analyzed using statistical methods in SPSS version 16. P < 5% was considered significant. Results: Of all students, 56% were female, and the rest of them were male with an average age of 20 years. The average of student knowledge was 11.06. Nursing and health students had the highest and IT students had the lowest level of knowledge. 61.3% of students referred to the use of a common syringe as an agent for the transmission of hepatitis and 62% believed that the level of knowledge of people in the community could prevent the transmission of HBV infection to individuals. Conclusion: The results present study showed that students’ knowledge about HBV was moderate and because of medical personnel is at high risk of infection due to their occupational status. Hence, promoting their level of knowledge about HBV is essential.

Biography

Roghayeh Aslanian’s academic rank is master's degree in biochemistry and she is looking for a PhD scholarship opportunity. She is having excellent work experience which included 2 years of experience doing research at the pharmacology Faculty University of Medical Science, 1-year experience of working in Biochemical lab in Fatemi hospital, 8 years experience of working in Biochemical lab in Ghaem hospital from 2012 and currently she works in DDRC (Digestive disease Research Center) as a researcher. At DDRC, she worked on gastric cancer, but because of the coronavirus outbreak they are currently working on covid-19. She has several published articles in the medical field and she has been invited to lectures at several international conferences.

Artical Title: A novel approach to prevent Pterygium recurrence

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the different doses and duration of mitomycin C (MMC) on the pterygium surgery outcome. Introduction: The pterygium is one of the common ocular surface diseases; no actual pathogenesis had been described. No medical therapy for pterygium available; therefore, the only treatment is surgical removal, which might end with recurrence; to prevent this mitomycin C (MMC) used. Till now, the ideal duration of MMC exposure remained questionable. This study shows the effect of different doses and duration on the pterygium surgery outcome. Subjects and method: It is an observational retrospective study that comprised of a total of 144 subjects, had been divided into three groups, each group consisting of 48 patients who underwent pterygium surgery with MMC and graft. All groups had received the same postoperative treatment. Results: The incidence of recurrence was 13.5% among all the groups, of which 12.5% for group B and 0.7% for group A and no recurrence in Group C. The p-value= 0.000. The recurrence was more among males with non-significant p-value=0.5 and more among > 50 years of age with highly significant p-value=0.000. The incidence of stromalysis was 0.71%. Conclusion: This study emphasizes that the shorter the duration (just washing) of MMC, the better the protection against scleral stromalysis, but the lower the dose, the higher the recurrence rate. Therefore, much more workup requires for setting up a customized surgical procedure, to achieve utmost preventive criteria for both recurrence and stromalysis.

Biography

Artical Title: Increasing Knowledge and access on HIV services using mobile application among MSM, PWUD and Transgender women in Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesia is the only country in the Asia Pacific where the incidence of HIV is rising and the prevalence is high among the key populations including men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs and transgender women (identify as Waria in Indonesia). Our aim of this study was to assess the role of peer-customised mobile application named ‘RUMAH SELA’ in prevention of HIV by increasing knowledge and access to health services among the key population groups in five provinces of Indonesia. Methods: A prospective intervention cohort study was conducted among the key populations in five provinces of Indonesia (Jakarata, West Java, East Java, Special Region of Yogyakarta, and Bali). The data were evaluated using a pre-post assessment survey conducted on a sample of 200 unique users, including 50 men who have sex with men and transgender women each, and 100 people who use drugs, with a follow-up response rate of 98% and 70%, respectively. Results: From baseline to the endpoint of the study, there was a significant increase in comprehensive HIV-related knowledge from 20% (10/49) to 60% (29/49), 22% (11/49) to 57% (28/49), and 49% (34/70) to 74% (52/70) among men who have sex with men (P=.004), transgender women (P<.001), and people who use drugs (P<.001), respectively. There was also a reduction in sexual activities without condom use from 22% (11/49) to 19% (9/49), 18% (9/49) to 12% (6/49), and 21% (15/70) to 10% (7/70) among men who have sex with men (P=.45), transgender women (P=.25), and people who use drugs (P<.001), respectively. There was an uptake of HIV testing by 31% (15/49) for men who have sex with men, 49% (24/49) for transgender women, and 26% (18/70) for people who use drugs after using the app. There was a reduction in injecting drugs with a used needle in drug users from 45/70 (78%) to 15/70 (26%). Measures of self-esteem increased among men who have sex with men (mean 26.4 vs mean 27.1), transgender women (mean 26.5 vs mean 27.8; P=.02), and people who use drugs (mean 24.0 vs mean 25.0). In addition, 27% (7/24) of men who have sex with men, 25% (4/15) of transgender women, and 11% (2/18) of drug users made an appointment for an HIV test through the app. The app was quite highly accepted by the key populations as nearly a quarter felt that they became more confident in discussing issues about sexuality, more than 80% found that the app provided sufficient knowledge about HIV, and more than half of the participants found the app to be user friendly. Conclusions: This unique mHealth intervention usinga local customised app as a self-learning tool is effective in increasingHIV-related knowledge and behaviour, and access to services with strong acceptability by the community. There is a need to scaleup such interventions for efficacy testing in a larger population to provide evidence for national-level mHealth programs addressingHIV.

Biography

Artical Title: Location allocation of public healthcare facilities in India

Abstract

Healthcare facility locations are decided in response to demography, geography, existing healthcare and its situation, socio-economic, cultural and political conditions, and disease pattern. Public healthcare facility locations in India are done to take advantages on political fronts. The application of scientific location-allocation models helps in achieving both the real objectives of the public healthcare system as well as political benefits. The paper presents the factors deciding the location of a healthcare facility, application of facility location models in general and on the healthcare system and basic model from discrete facility models for direct use with minimum input required for decision making for healthcare facility locations. The result of the application of the heuristic model shows efficiency in comparison to the existing practice of decision making. The papers conclude with the benefits of using the location-allocation models in the healthcare system.

Biography

Dr. Manoj Panwar is Bechalors in Architecture from CRSCE, Murthal, India, Post Graduate in Infrastructure Design and Management from IIT Kharagpur, India, and has done his doctoral research on Urban Physics from IIT Roorkee. He has published in various national and international journals of repute on various topics related to infrastructure, urban planning, urban physics and environment, and participated and organized various short term courses/ conferences/ workshops/ lectures & training programs. Since 2010, he is working as regular faculty in Department of Architecture, DeenbandhuChhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal.

Artical Title: Impacts, response, effectiveness and outlook of Indian healthcare sector - post Covid-19 pandemic

Abstract

The Covid-19 Pandemic has created anxiety for regulators and healthcare authorities worldwide. It is essential to understand and analyse, post pandemic impacts on Indian Healthcare system when the Government has taken an ambitious target of bringing Indian Healthcare system among worldwide top 100 global healthcare systems. The pandemic has severely impacted human resource, worldwide so as in India. The case of Indian healthcare system is prominent since India has second largest population in the world and holds poor healthcare system. Even though condition of Indian Healthcare system is not strong still during pandemic ministry of health and welfare (MOHW)- a central Indian healthcare authority responded to crisis.The study will examine how Indian healthcare system responded during covid-19 to overcome the impacts and challenges. Though, the central Healthcare authorities responded in crisis situation but it is essential to analyse the effectiveness of responses were similar across India or had any discrepancies, in this backdrop study will gauge the effectiveness of responses on various Indian provinces and Union territories (UT). The study will assess the response effectiveness through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), an empirical tool. The empirical analysis outcomes it will be easy for policymakers to revisit their existing responses/policy announcements and make necessary changes if it needed. The study will just not rework on policy framework but also reveal pain point of each zone and thus the specific mitigation measures can be suggested. Also, post COVID-19 the study also reflects upon future outlook of healthcare system in India. Authors realised the major challenges in Healthcare sector post pandemic are- physical and mental exhaustion of the healthcare workforce, worn-out hospital infrastructure, growing “backlog” of healthcare procedures, containment (and progressive de-confinement), economic recession, will undoubtedly affect mental health (e.g., anxiety, depression) and physical health. Thus, to overcome these challenges few responses taken by Indian central Healthcare system i.e., timely ban on travel, sealing of borders and a near complete lockdown, contact tracing, testing, Treatment, supplies etc. Occasionally the responses taken by ministry of health and welfare (MOHWF) targets few background motives i.e., control the spread, preparedness of health infrastructure, human resources and medical supplies in place to handle the expected surge in cases. In This backdrop, authors try to establish theory around motives behind responses and steps taken by government and thereby visualize future outlook of Indian healthcare sector. Authors analyse the effectiveness of these responses via empirical linkage between responses and its preventive measures. The authors identified specific motives behind schemes announcements were, control virus spread, prepare infrastructure, prepare healthcare workforce and medical supplies and linked with input indicators i.e. during unprecedented timings and examined its effect on mortality rate and survival rate of various provinces and UT of India, through data envelopment. The DEA will also evaluate the individual province utilization of resources and effectiveness on patients and also thereby identify state specific the pain points of Healthcare system. The study employs a data envelopment analysis on 35 Indian provinces and Union territories (28 states and 8 Union Territories) Healthcare system over a period of 1 year for year 2020-21on monthly basis. The study will also analyse pre- COVID-19 scenario of healthcare system between 2016-2020 on quarterly basis. The findings of the empirical analysis will help to perform the ranking of each province/ UT and reveal the specific pain points across India and its various provinces needs much improvement. Finally, based on empirical evidences authors present the future outlook of Indian Healthcare system given the current situation persist. The study will be helpful for Indian healthcare policymakers and decision makers to be vigilant about policy revisions on real time and need based.

Biography

Neha (Chhabra)Roy is an Assistant Professor in Finance and Accounting area at Narsee Monjee Institute of Management studies Bengaluru. Her research and teaching interest areas are Business simulation, Risk Management and Financial Analytics. She has taught simulation course more than 40 Industries and captured vivid experience of real time industry working. She has conducted few earlier FDP’s on simulation with premier Higher education faculty members across India. She has a Ph.D. in Risk Management and computational finance from University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, in collaboration with IIT Roorkee and Uttarakhand Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited (UJVNL). Besides, she holds MBA in Finance and B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering. Neha also got sponsored certification from Max Planck Institute of Human development Germany and ISUH USA on Risk Literacy in healthcare and quantitative finance. Neha won several research grants from ISUH, RBI, IIBF, UJVNL and has several peer reviewed international publications in her account.

Artical Title: Occupational health morbidities and associated socio-demographic variables among street sweepers in a metropolitan city

Abstract

Background: Work related safety and health hazards are a major public health concern worldwide and are under-researched especially in low and middle income countries. Aims: To study the socio demographic profile of the street sweepers , to assess the morbidities prevalent among the street sweepers in a metropolitan city and to study the association between socio demographic variables and various morbidities. To analyze the knowledge, attitude and practice among the street sweepers and to suggest preventive measures to improve the health of street sweepers. Study Design : A cross sectional study Methods: The study was conducted for a period of two months amongst100 street sweepers in the age group of 18 to 60 years working under Municipal Corporation A questionnaire was formulated and validated by a pilot study before the start of the study. Moreover, thorough general, clinical and systemic examination was done to find out morbidities Exposure to any sort of occupational hazards if any was also noted. Results: The most common morbidities observed amongst street sweepers were skin problems (91%) followed by musculoskeletal disorders (88%) predominantly in males belonging to the age group of 40-50 years. Moreover musculoskeletal disorders were more common above 40 years (91% ) while skin problems were more common below 40 years of age (95.5%). The prevalence of anemia was found to be relatively higher in females with low socio economic background (6.7%). Additionally, illiteracy was a risk factor for respiratory symptoms (14.7%). This could be due to overcrowded dwellings, ill ventilated houses and poor sanitation. It was also observed that greater the duration of services, more is the risk of morbidities like musculoskeletal disorders (88.5%), respiratory disorders (11.5%), hypertension (6.4%) and cardiovascular disorders (1.3%). As far as knowledge, attitude and practice is concerned, majority of the study subjects had fairly good knowledge about hand washing (92%), importance of using protective devices (80%) and health hazards related to sweeping (45%). Perception of the street sweepers was excellent in respect to hand washing (92%), regular use of personal protective devices (71%) and motivating co-workers regarding safety measures (96%). Conclusion: Periodic health check up of workers should be done biannually and immediate corrective measures should be taken to protect the health of the employees at risk. Safety training and reorientation programs should also be conducted for the street sweepers periodically.

Biography

Artical Title: Investigating the roles of meteorological factors in COVID-19 transmission in Northern Italy

Abstract

The novel COVID-19 is a highly invasive, pathogenic, and transmittable disease that has stressed the health care sector and hampered global development. Information of other viral respiratory diseases indicates that COVID-19 transmission could be affected by varying weather conditions; however, the impact of meteorological factors on the COVID-19 death counts remains unexplored. By investigating the impact of meteorological factors (absolute humidity, relative humidity, and temperature), this study will contribute both theoretically and practically to the concerned domain of pandemic management to be better prepared to control the spread of the disease. For this study, data is collected from 23 February to 31 March 2020 for Milan, Northern Italy, one of the badly hit regions by COVID-19. The generalized additive model (GAM) is applied, and a nonlinear relationship is examined with penalized spline methods. A sensitivity analysis is conducted for the verification of model results. The results reveal that temperature, relative humidity, and absolute humidity have a significant but negative relationship with the COVID-19 mortality rate. Therefore, it is possible to postulate that cool and dry environmental conditions promote virus transmission, leading to an increase in COVID-19 death counts. The results may facilitate health care policymakers in developing and implementing effective control measures in a timely and efficient way.

Biography

Artical Title: International air transportation and need of intensive technological applications in Covid-19 spread control

Abstract

This paper discusses the features and need of technological applications in global aviation industry towards effective control of COVID-19 pandemic. International commercial aviation industry is a key role player and contributor to both global economy and pandemic spread control. The study details the pandemic spread control and recent technological applications to ensure safer travel procedures for ensuring predictive and public health and safety of 4.5 billion passengers and 887,000 aviation professionals. The study reviles the impact in aviation safety and economic risk mitigation as air travel of 2 million seafarers and trade ship operators contribute to 80% of global trade economy. It is found that 84% of the aviation passengers feel safer and has gained confidence on technological applications of touch-less air travel aiding to assured public health safety. The study explains the current trends of touch-less applications in kiosks screening, e-gate, e-boarding, self-baggage drop and related technological inventions. The paper discusses about the risk in growing cyber security in the process of digitalization. The need of continuous technological developments and touch-less norms in aviation has constituted a requirement to globalize new health norms with futuristic expansion goals. The need for training in aviation and applications of Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) to ensure safe operations by aviation professionals with the rate of implementation to provide optimum solution and related research findings were detailed.

Biography

Prof. C.S.Karunakaran works as an Assistant Professor at School of Aeronautical Sciences, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, India. Prof. C S Karunakaran is an Academician, Entrepreneur Coach and Techno Commercial Activist.With 12 years of experience in Aircraft Maintenance, UAV-Drone design, teaching and research he is one among Top Aerospace Technical Leaders of the country.He headed COVID-19 crowd monitoring project named “Drishyam 4.0” towards supporting Chennai City Police. He is the inventor of Asia’s First Flying Bike prototype through Indian Start-Up named “Jhatayu”.He has received more than 40 national and international awards and delivered 150+ lectures across the globe.All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE- Government of India Education Organization) has awarded him as one of the Top 200 Elite Academician of India Prof. C.S.Karunakaran works as an Assistant Professor at School of Aeronautical Sciences, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, India. Prof. C S Karunakaran is an Academician, Entrepreneur Coach and Techno Commercial Activist.With 12 years of experience in Aircraft Maintenance, UAV-Drone design, teaching and research he is one among Top Aerospace Technical Leaders of the country.He headed COVID-19 crowd monitoring project named “Drishyam 4.0” towards supporting Chennai City Police. He is the inventor of Asia’s First Flying Bike prototype through Indian Start-Up named “Jhatayu”.He has received more than 40 national and international awards and delivered 150+ lectures across the globe.All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE- Government of India Education Organization) has awarded him as one of the Top 200 Elite Academician of India.

Artical Title: Stem cell models of lung development and repair

Abstract

The lung is in direct contact with the environment which is highly contaminated with microbes and pollutants, the result of which is damage to structural cells. Under these conditions the affected cells must be repaired. Compensation of dying structural cells of lung is done by endogenous progenitor cells. Endogenous stem cells have ability for regeneration damaged epithelium via conformity their function and structure. The capability of the lung precursor cells for repair and development declins with aging, and these cells are not usually enough for relief extensive damages. The objective of exogenous stem cells transplantation (such as embryonic, adults, etc.) and the differentiated lung cells are replacement of the damaged cells. The exogenous stem cells transplantation in animal models has demonstrated, which the cells can be replaced in the lung and developed into the adult phenotypes. Exogenous stem cells-based treatments, have produced a new method for the lung diseases. The stem cell therapy and the use of differentiated lung cells are effective in the repair of damaged lung because the cells can replace the damaged cells and support endogenous renovation and development. Introduction: The lung is a complex structure with alveoli millions, many airways and wide vascular surface that carry out the gas exchange. The lung is in direct contact with the environment and during normal breathing, the airways transmit large volumes of air, which is highly contaminated with microbes and pollutants but lung has multi-faceted defense mechanisms, which are important for survival (Hogg et al., 2004; MokhberDezfouli et al., 2017). Despite these defensive barriers, respiratory system is vulnerable, the result of which is damage to structural cells. Under these conditions the affected cells must be renewed or die by apoptosis or necrosis. Compensation of dying structural cells of lung is done by endogenous progenitor cells to be improved (Moodley et al., 2011). Repair and regeneration of damaged pulmonary cells are slower compared to other cells in the adult tissues for example intestinal and skin cells. However, the possibility of repairing and regeneration the damaged pulmonary cells occurs after respiratory infection (Barkauskas et al., 2013). So understanding lung regeneration capacity and role of stem cells are extremely important for use of therapeutic. The diseases of lung respond differently to the present therapies and their continuation will lead to death. Although diagnosis of timely and rapid and pharmaceutical treatments lead to improvement of early symptoms but the abilities and daily activities of patients are decreased and the disease signs may again reveal in the long term. Also, in some patients, the only option for survival is the lung transplantation while there is the severe shortage in the lung donor (Sueblinvong and Weiss, 2010). Therefore, further researches should be done on ways, which can increase the lung repair and regeneration and help in the pulmonary diseases treatment. The recent results represent, which the stem cells application can be effective in regeneration and repair of the damaged tissue (Wang et al., 2010). Therefore, one way for treatment of lung diseases is stem cell therapy, which can replace the cells of damaged and endothelial epithelial and support endogenous cells renovation. When the progenitor cells activity of lung is impaired due to damage, replacement of endothelial and epithelial cells is disrupted. This leads to renovation disruption (MokhberDezfouli et al., 2017). The stem cells application can help in replacement of endothelial and epithelial cells after severe damages. Furthermore, the healthy part of the lung can enhance the healing process and prevent fibrosis via the regeneration stimulation and possible mechanisms including immunomodulation and the release of trophic factors (Moodley et al., 2011). Development of lung: First, the definitive endoderm forms from inner cell mass after gastrulation. Then, the definitive endoderm develops the gut tube and is patterned along the anterior-posterior and the dorsal-ventral axes via the paracrine signals from the mesoderm (Zorn and Wells, 2009). Nkx2.1+ endoderm buds from the ventral anterior foregut to form the lung sprouts and then causes uniform divergence to develop the respiratory tree. Differentiation of cell continues in the early postnatal period to generate the multiple cell types, which the adult lung develop (Morrisey and Hogan, 2010; SadeghianChaleshtori et al., 2016). For production of pulmonary epithelial cells in vitro should pursue the same development as the fetal lung in the culture medium. So that, the stem cells should be induced to spread the definitive endoderm, followed by the generation of anterior foregut endoderm, and ultimately differentiation into the the lung lineages. The researchers have showed remarkable advance in the development of differentiated lung cells from the stem cells (Roszell et al., 2009; Schmeckebier et al., 2013; Huang et al., 2014; MokhberDezfouli et al., 2019). In the future, more knowledge of normal development of lung may help researchers for prevent from the pulmonary abnormalities. The lung repair process in damage: The pulmonary repair process after damage is a complex phenomenon. Endogenous stem cells have ability for regeneration damaged epithelium via conformity their function and structure. The examination on airways epithelium repair display that the improvement process of airway epithelium inclusive differentiation, migration of adjacent cells for cover the empty region, the progenitor cells proliferation for repair cell number and the cells differentiation for regeneration the cells function (Kamaruzaman et al., 2013; SadeghianChaleshtori et al., 2020a). The airways epithelium after injury, starts the improvement process for repair the blood-air barrier integrity. The cells of ATII differentiate into the cells of ATI that repair the epithelial coverage entirety. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes act until restore the pulmonary damage with secretion of the destructive agents. Meantime, the macrophages and alveolar cells eliminate the compounds of protein from the alveoli and the lung function improve (Saguil A, Fargo, 2012; SadeghianChaleshtori et al., 2020a). Stem cells and precursor cells: The stem cells can repair the damaged cells location by the internal renewal system (Biehl and Russell, 2009). The potential sources of precursor cells are recognized for the airways and lung epithelium and are distributed into two groups: the stem cells of endogenous and exogenous. The lung is a complex organ with more than forty types of different cell that there are distinct populations of progenitor cells in separate anatomical zones along the respiratory tree (Sueblinvong and Weiss, 2010). Moreover, the essential role of precursor cells of lung in repairing and regeneration the damage, the epithelial cells reversible phenotype and mucus plays an significant role in the damage repair (Wang et al., 2007). There are the endogenous stem cells types in the airways and lung. The capability of the lung precursor cells for restore (that is often discussed as the natural regeneration capacity) declins with aging, and these cells are not usually enough for relief extensive damages (SadeghianChaleshtori et al., 2020a). The objective of exogenous stem cells transplantation (such as embryonic, adults, etc.) and the differentiated lung cells are replacement of the dead cells or the damaged cells. The autologous or allogenic stem cells transplantation in animal models has demonstrated, which the cells can be replaced in the lung and developed into the adult phenotypes and as a result, the cellular response enhancement to injury (Kotton et al., 2001; SadeghianChaleshtori et al., 2020a). Exogenous stem cells-based treatments, have produced a new method for the lung diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (Sadeghian Chaleshtori et al., 2020b). Conclusion: In the future, more knowledge of normal development of lung may help researchers for prevent from the pulmonary abnormalities. The capability of the lung precursor cells for repair and development declins with aging, and these cells are not usually enough for relief extensive damages. The exogenous stem cells transplantation in animal models has demonstrated, which the cells can be replaced in the lung and developed into the adult phenotypes. The stem cell therapy is effective in the repair damaged lung because the cells can replace the damaged cells.

Biography

Artical Title: COVID-19 lung CT image segmentation using deep learning methods: U-Net versus SegNet

Abstract

Background: Currently, there is an urgent need for efficient tools to assess the diagnosis of COVID-19 patients. In this paper, we present feasible solutions for detecting and labeling infected tissues on CT lung images of such patients. Two structurally-different deep learning techniques, SegNet and U-NET, are investigated for semantically segmenting infected tissue regions in CT lung images. Methods: We propose to use two known deep learning networks, SegNet and U-NET, for image tissue classification. SegNet is characterized as a scene segmentation network and U-NET as a medical segmentation tool. Both networks were exploited as binary segmentors to discriminate between infected and healthy lung tissue, also as multi-class segmentors to learn the infection type on the lung. Each network is trained using seventy two data images, validated on ten images, and tested against the left eighteen images. Several statistical scores are calculated for the results and tabulated accordingly. Results: The results show the superior ability of SegNet in classifying infected/non-infected tissues compared to the other methods (with 0.95 mean accuracy), while the U-NET shows better results as a multi-class segmentor (with 0.91 mean accuracy). Conclusion: Semantically segmenting CT scan images of COVID-19 patients is a crucial goal because it would not only assist in disease diagnosis, also help in quantifying the severity of the illness, and hence, prioritize the population treatment accordingly. We propose computer-based techniques that prove to be reliable as detectors for infected tissue in lung CT scans. The availability of such a method in today’s pandemic would help automate, prioritize, fasten, and broaden the treatment of COVID-19 patients globally.

Biography

Adnan Saood graduated from the National Center for the Distinguished and joined the Mechatronics program for the distinguished in 2016. After graduation, he joined the Syrian Computer Society as a volunteer, then promoted to Robotics Club vice president in 2019. He worked on several robotics and deep learning projects including three-dimensional localization of UAV in indoor environments, and a novel approach for robotic swarms’ route planning and movement optimization. His latest work on COVID-19 infection in CT scans promises a system of prioritizing patents treatment in in overwhelmed healthcare systems.

Artical Title: Antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties of hydro-alcoholic extracts from Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae)

Abstract

Anogeissus leiocarpus (Combretaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Togo to treat diabetes mellitus and others diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of total extract and fractions of roots of Anogeissus leiocarpus. The antihyperlipidemic activity of the total extract and the supernatant was performed in vivo by the fructose overload test in ICR mice. Antioxidant potential was determined in vitro by methods based on scavenging of DPPH*, total antioxidant capacity and reducing power. After the screening, phenolic compounds and flavonoids were evaluated by the well–known colorimetric assay using respectively Folin– Ciocalteu reagent and aluminium chloride. The results obtained showed that the total extract and the supernatant significantly reduced the serum and liver levels of triglycerides and hence the level of VLDL-Cholesterol compared to hyperlipidemic mice. In vitro the total extractand fractions had the ability to scavenge free radicals, to reduce metal and possessed strong total antioxidant activity. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponosides in the extract and fractions. And the supernatant fraction contained more polyphenolic compounds than others. From this study, it is conclued that the total extract and fraction of Anogeissus leiocarpus possessed strong antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant properties and were riched in polyphenols, which can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus’ complications. Hence, the supernatant fraction was the most biologically active.

Biography

Artical Title: Socioeconomic status and health literacy as the important predictors of general health in Iran: A structural equation modelling approach

Abstract

Background: We aimed to determine the level of health literacy (HL), and its association with general health. In addition, we investigated the direct and indirect association of socioeconomic status (SES) and general health among the adult population in Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 750 literate adults' people. The SES was assessed based on the owning of assets HL was evaluated using a validated questionnaire in Iran. General health was assessed using the WHO general health questionnaire. The simple and adjusted linear regression models, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used for data analysis. Results: In adjusted model, female gender, higher level of education, use of books, pamphlets, or brochures as a source of health information, the higher level of SES were positively associated with higher HL. In addition, the HL was significantly associated with higher scores of general health. Results of SEM showed that the direct effect of SES on general health was not significant, but the indirect effect via HL was significant (path coefficient: 0.24; p<0.001). Conclusion: Results of our study indicated HL is strongly associated with general health among the adult population. SES had a significant indirect association with general health via the effect on health literacy.

Biography

Amin Doosti-Irani from Iran, is working in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences as Assistant Professor of epidemiology.

Artical Title: Physician task load: Strategies to mitigate stress among doctor—An observational study

Abstract

Introduction: The roster and timetables of emergency, outpatient department (OPD), and on-call services in a specialty are designed keeping in view the human resource, strength, and number of consultants in the concerned department to keep the workload balanced. The working hours and working conditions are associated with an immense influence on the physical mental and social well-being of the physicians. Our study aims at assessing the workload on physicians working and various departments of a tertiary healthcare center. We evaluate the nature of the skill set associated with numerous fields. Material & Methods: Physician task was determined by using four parameters e.g. Mental demand, physical demand, Time demand, and effort demand.. Hospital records were used to obtain data regarding the Patient load from October 2020 to November 2020. Results: Our survey showed that the highest patient load was observed in gynecology (23%) followed by Paediatrics and Surgery both comprising 21% of the total patient task load.. The physicians reckoned that the “time demand” was the greatest in urology and approximately equal in all other specialties. Combined demands of physical, mental, time and efforts, urology, and maxillofacial surgery were on the top of the list. Psychiatry was graded with the lowest combined demands of mental, physical, time, and efforts. Discussion: Our survey was directed to assess the hectic schedule of physicians working in various specialties. A self-rating questionnaire asking time, effort, physical & mental exertion levels sets a scale that may help the predecessors to understand the demands of the field. This survey may serve as an introduction to the interface of the field. Interestingly, urology in contrast to other allied surgery fields requires more effort. The mental acquaintance of the professional must match with his skills and his passion. Mental satisfaction increases when physical stress levels are bearable. Women in Pakistan must balance between work and household chores. The stress of household and hospital can be detrimental to the physical and mental health of women. Conclusion: Our study depicts that Urology & Internal Medicine are more time demanding as well as mental stress for the physician. We should focus on stress management & reductions for physicians in order to provide them a better workplace and decrease the workload at their practice.

Biography

Hassan Mumtaz currently working as a House Physician in the Covid ICU as part of critical care management team, KRL Hospital Islamabad. After graduating with hismedical degree from Pakistan, he has done his Clinical Electives in the department of Urology, Guy’s & St Thomas Hospital, London Uk for 7 weeks& have also shadowed a General Physician for a week at Surrey Docks Health Centre. He had presented a case on Non Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer at a webinar organized with collaboration of Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow & Pakistan Association of Urological Surgeons..He is an American Heart Association certified BLS provider. He has peer-reviewed 20 Research articles and 14 Case Reports in well reputed Journals to my name.He is the reviewer forCureus Journal of Medical Science, SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, Journal of Clinica Urology&Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College .

Artical Title: Distribution, bioaccessibility and human health risks of toxic metals in peri-urban topsoils of the Kumasi Metropolis

Abstract

The occurrence of heavy metals in urban soils is of great environmental concern due to the unwanted health effect associated with their excessive exposure. The study assessed levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, and Zn) in peri-urban com- munities of the Kumasi metropolis and evaluated sources and potential health risk asso- ciated with exposure to these metals. Soil samples collected from topsoils at a depth of 0–10 cm were subjected to x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy analysis for total metal quantification. The XRF results were then confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Soil pH, conductivity, and total organic carbon were determined using standard procedures. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of metals were As (10.11), Cd (12.91), Cr (77.97), Cu (20.20), Fe (23031), Pb (18.60), Mn (158.68), Ni (29.33), Sn (8.83), V (78.21) and Zn (49.27). The pH and electrical conductivity were in a range of 6.5 - 8.5 and 153 - 8990 μS/cm respectively. The mean total organic carbon was 8.85%. Pollution indicators such as enrichment factor, contamination factor, and pollution load index all showed that soil in the study area is of low degree of contamination. The potential ecological risk index projected a low-risk effect. In contrast, the hazard index and carcinogenic risk index indicated no significant human health risk associated with exposure to the metals presently. However, to regulate bioaccumulation effects, constant monitoring is essential.

Biography

NiibKonwuruk is an Environmental Chemist with research interests in sample preparation, bioaccessibility of metals and xenobiotic substances, environmental monitoring, water purification, contamination assessment and remediation. NiibKonwuruk is currently a Ph.D. candidate at Regional Water and Environmental Sanitation (RWESCK) at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. He holds MPhil. (Environmental Chemistry) and BSc (Hons) from Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Ghana.

Artical Title: Affecting structural factors on the entrepreneurship behaviours of the academic members of healthcare

Abstract

Background: The study aimed to assess affecting structural factors on the entrepreneurship behavior of the academic members of healthcare in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Central Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among faculty members working in five faculties of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2018. Data were collected using a three-part standard questionnaire including demographic characteristics, entrepreneurial behavior and structural factors questions. ANOVA and linear regression modeling were used in STATA software version 14. Results: Of 270 academic staff who participated in the study, 204 (73%) completed the questionnaire. The mean score reported for entrepreneurial behavior was 3.76±0.55 considered high tendency toward entrepreneurship. Moreover, the average conditions of the structural elements have been 2.51±0.89 considered average. Linear regression analysis showed that along with increasing age, entrepreneurship behavior increased (P=0.018, β=0.52), while an increase in educational level led to a decrease in entrepreneurship behavior (P=0.001, β=-0.74). In a final model, organizational structure revealed a significant effect on entrepreneurship behavior (P<0.001, β=0.25). Only physical facilities didn't show a statistical significant effect on entrepreneurship score (P>0.05). Conclusion: Universities must also pay attention to acquiring and developing the science and technology gained from academic research and transferring them through entrepreneurship channels. Considering the effect of structural elements on entrepreneurial behavior of the academic members, the need for such substructure in the universities and the country’s higher education organizations to assist development of entrepreneurial behavior among the academicians is greatly felt.

Biography

Artical Title: Postnatal care service utilization and associated factor among reproductive age women who live in Dolo Addo District, Somali region, Southeast Ethiopia

Abstract

The Postnatal period is a critical time for both mothers and her baby. A care given during this period is reduce a numerous of maternal and neonatal death. Despite its importance of postnatal care utilization, little is known about this postnatal care utilization and associated factors in this study area, so this study aimed to assess postnatal care services utilization and associated factors among reproductive women who gave live birth in last two years in Dolo Addo District Somali region southeastern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 388 women who gave live birth during last two years prior to the study. Data was collected by using structured questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done. During multivariate analysis a variable with p-value less than 0.05 declared significantly associated with postnatal care service utilization. This study reported that prevalence of postnatal utilization is 22.2% among reproductive age women in Dolo Addo district. Factor associated with PNC included, having ANC visit during pregnancy (AOR=3.03, 95%CI=1.74, 5.29), and place of delivery (AOR=2.23, 95%CI=1.25, 3.98) and maternal health care decision power (AOR=1.78, 95%CI=1.05,3.01) were a factors significantly associated with postnatal care service utilization. In this study nearly quarter of the women utilize PNC in Dolo Addo District. In order to enhance PNC in this area intervention should be targeted during ANC follow up, during labor and delivery. Furthermore, crucial steps should be taken to empower women which improve utilization of maternal health care service.

Biography

Artical Title: Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of Hepatitis B virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection caused by mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) continues to pose challenges to global health. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) for preventing HBV MTCT. Method: PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through August 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected that evaluated the efficacy and safety of TDF for preventing MTCT of HBV compared with the standard of care, placebo, or other HBV therapies. The primary outcomes were HBV MTCT rate and maternal HBV DNA level. Secondary outcomes were infant and maternal safety outcomes. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Guidelines, and prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020186275). Results: Of 240 citations, three RCTs that involved 651 participants were included. The pooled result showed that TDF can reduce the risk of HBV MTCT after 6 months postpartum by 80% (risk ratio RR=0.2, 95% CI [0.06- 0.7], n=584) with low heterogeneity (I2=0%). TDF demonstrated HBV DNA suppression at delivery, though there was heterogeneity among individual studies, (RR=0.13, 95% CI [0.08-0.20] and (RR=0.36, 95% CI [0.27- 0.49]). Maternal and infant safety outcomes were comparable among treated and untreated mothers and infants born to them. The quality of evidence varied from high to very low. Conclusion: There is evidence that TDF effectively interrupted MTCT of HBV and suppressed HBV DNA level. Available studies on safety are very limited and heterogeneous, emphasizing the need for additional RCTs with complete safety indicators.

Biography

Eden DagnachewZeleke is a professional midwife, graduate of 2017 at Dilla University, Ethiopia and she will be graduating her MSc in clinical trial at Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia on June 2021. In her stay at Dilla University, besides her education she had worked for Gender office by representing Dilla University Health Science students and at DKT Ethiopia as coordinator of peer education and training programs regarding reproductive health. Since she got her first degree, she has been working as assistant lecturer, research and training coordinator on department level at Bule Hora University and conducted research which was offered and funded by the university. Recently, she had published an article with title “Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials” and she has been waiting for publication of 3 articles which have been under review.

Artical Title: Assessment of the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated habit and culture-related risk factors among primary school children in Debre Berhan town, Northeast Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are still among the major public health issuesin developing countries. Assessing the prevalence of IPIs and potential risk factors in different localities is essential to enhance control strategies. To date, no prevalence assessment study was conducted in Debre Berhan town. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of IPIs and associated habit and culture-related risk factors among primary schoolchildren in Debre Berhan town, Northeast Ethiopia. Method: School based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2017. A total of 645 children aged 6-15 years were selected from six primary schools in Debre Berhan town via a multistage random sampling technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data about sociodemographicand potential risk factor variables. Fresh stool samples were collected from each child and examined using direct smear and formal-etherconcentration technique. Result: Among the 645 children participated in the study, 341 (52.9%) were infected by one or more intestinal parasites. Helminths (33.8%) were more prevalent than protozoa (20%). Double parasitic infection rate was 0.9%. The predominant parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (22.6%),Entamoeba histolytica/ dispar/moshkovskii(18.1%) and Hymenolepis nana (5.7%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that ageof child (6-9 years),family size (above 5), mother’silliteracy and primaryeducation, father’s illiteracy, urban-farmer father,manual-worker father,not washing hands before eating, unclean fingers, open defecation site(ODS) near residence, latrine type, cultural response to dropped food (cleaning and eating; ‘kiss and replace’), habit of playing with waste water, habit of playing with soil, habit of sucking fingers and habit of eating when playing were significantly associated with IPIs(p<0.05). Likewise, age(6- 9 years),mother’s illiteracy, urban-farmer father, not washing hands before eating, ODS near residence,tradition of cleaning and eating dropped food, habit of playing with soil,sucking fingers and eating when playing were identified as significant risk factorsofA. lumbricoides infection. Conclusion: High prevalence of IPIs among the study participants demands improvement of environmental sanitation,personal hygiene,and health education regarding the potential habit and culture-related risk factors.

Biography

Artical Title: Level of food consumption score and associated factors among pregnant women at SHEGAW MOTTA hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Several studies conducted to access the status of household food insecurity in Ethiopia show that the nutrition problem is still highly prevalent especially in pregnant women and children. This study was conducted in 2018 main harvesting season with the principal objective to assess the level of food consumption score and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal service at Shegaw Motta Hospital. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending antenatal care service at Shegaw Motta Hospital, East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia. Primary data of 422 pregnant women were collected using interviewer administered structured questionnaire and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. The standardized World Food Program eight food groups English version questionnaire was translated to the local Amharic language and used along with the Ethiopian food composition table. The collected data were subjected to descriptive statistics and analyzed with SPSS software. Results: From the total of 422 pregnant women, 1.9% (95% CI: 0.7–3.3) of the respondents’ food consumption score were poor, 16.6% (95% CI: 13.0–20.4) were borderline and the remaining 81.5% (95% CI: 77.5–85.1) had acceptable food consumption score. Residence, being rural or urban [AOR = 4.594;95%CI: 1.871–11.283, P = 0.001], religion status, being an Orthodox [AOR = 0.073;95% CI: 0.021–0.254, P < 0.0001], were factors associated with food consumption score. Conclusions: Food consumption score among pregnant women seems to be highly unacceptable. Residence and religion were factors associated with food consumption score. Therefore, appropriate nutrition education should be given.

Biography

Artical Title: Open Defecation-Free slippage and its associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review

Abstract

Background: Recent studies have shown an increase in open defecation and slippage of open defecation-free certified villages in Ethiopia, despite significant progress in the country on sanitation programs. Hence, realizing existing facts, this study was conducted aiming at a critical review of the available literature and to provide consolidated data showing the level of slippage and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods: Systematic literature searches were performed from four international databases. The search involved articles published from December 2013 up to June 2019. Cochran’s Q and I2 test statistics were used to check heterogeneity among the studies. To negotiate heterogeneity from qualitative data, we used a mixed-method approach. The researchers also conducted publication bias assessment and sensitivity analysis. A random effect Metaanalysis was employed to determine the pooled estimates with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Data analysis was performed using the CMA V.3 software program. Results: After screening 1382 studies, 12 studies were finally included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The estimated pooled rate of open defecation-free slippage in Ethiopia was 15.9% (95% CI 12.9% - 19.4%). The main contributing factors for open defecation-free slippage were lack of technical support, financial constraints, low-quality building materials, improper program implementation, and lack of sanitation marketing. Conclusion: It was estimated that one out of six Ethiopian households engaged in open defecation after they declared open defecation-free status, implying the low possibility of achieving the target sanitation for all in 2030. Therefore, the government of Ethiopia and its partners should better give special attention to the following options: 1) awareness for open defecation-free slippage, 2) integrate post-open defecation-free follow up in Community-Led Total Sanitation program, and 3) encourage studies on pro-poor improved sanitation technologies.

Biography

Artical Title: COVID-19-related risk perception, anxiety and protective behaviors among Nigerian adults: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: Pandemics such as the current COVID-19 pandemic are often associated with heightened fear and significant adjustments in health behaviours. Aim: This study aimed to assess perceived risk, anxiety and protective behaviours of the general public during the early phase of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in Nigeria. Methods: An online cross-sectional study among 1197 respondents aged 18 years and above between 27 April to 16 May 2020. Result: More than half (61.9%) of the respondents had high risk perception towards COVID-19, and high anxiety level was found in 37.2%. Male gender, being a Christian, having more than 12 years of formal education and high risk perception were positively associated with observance of more than one protective measure against COVID-19. The predictors of COVID-19-related anxiety were high risk perception and being a Muslim. Conclusions: This study showed that risk perception has an influence on both anxiety and observance of protective behaviours. Being a novel experience, this research has implications to support current and future responses to a pandemic experience.

Biography

Timothy TomiwaOyelakin, is a MPH research student in the department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, he has a Bachelor’s degree in Demography & Social Statistics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. He is proficient in Data Analysis and Applied Statistics in Health Researches, he loves team work and transforming evidence into action.

Artical Title: Low incidence of COVID-19 in the West African Sub-region: Mitigating healthcare delivery system Or a matter of time?

Abstract

The study described, and examined COVID-19 pandemic trends of growth and fatalities arising from its complications among tested patients in West Africa. Countries around the world have employed several measures in order to control the spread of the pandemic. In spite of the poor state of healthcare delivery system in West Africa, the spread of the pandemic is relatively low compared to reported cases in other regions of the world. The study addresses this limitation by asking this question: is the low incidence of Covid-19 in West Africa a mitigating healthcare delivery system or a matter of time?The study adopted a cross-sectional time series method. Data for Ghana, Nigeria, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Niger Republic and Global data were extracted from the World Health Organisation COVID-19 data bank.The incidence growth rate, and fatalities arising from COVID-19 complications were generated from the total reported cases and fatalities. Data were extracted in intervals of 7 days starting on March 15, through April 19, 2020. The results showed that COVID-19 pandemic accounted for 92.3%, 97.8%, 90.3%, 65%, 90.4%, 93.6%, and 97% complications that led to deaths of patients in Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal, Ghana, Niger Republic, Ivory Coast, and West Africa respectively. Also, the results showed that there was a strong significant association between the incidence and fatality growth rates for Covid-19 in West Africa (ß = 0.032; t = 12.70; p<0.001).The study concluded that the threats presently posed by Covid-19 seems to be minimal in West Africa despite the poor condition of healthcare delivery in the region.

Biography

Taofik Olatunji Bankole, PhD, is a senior consultant and research associate in the department of Demography and Social Statistics at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. His research interests include demographic techniques, epidemiology, maternal and infant nutrition, adolescent and reproductive health behaviour, but not limited to Gender Based Violence. He employs the mixed-methods in arriving at research outputs that could provide stakeholders with insight to formulating sound healthcare and child’s right policies. Olajide Bamidele Omoyeni, M.Sc., is a PhD candidate and research assistant in the department of Chemistry at Obafemi Awolowo University. His research interests include organic chemistry.

Artical Title: Prevalence and professional implication of updated versus previous hypertension classification

Abstract

Background: Hypertension remains the global challenge and the leading causes of worse cardiovascular event with 7.5 million toll deaths. The 2010 WHO estimate was 1.3 billion representing 31.1% of all adults with an astounding increase in low and middle-income countries including Sab-Saharan Africa. Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken in two beverage industrial workplaces with a sample of 440 employees and their spouses during the period of 2016 to 2018. WHO stepwise questionnaire was used to collect data and biomedical samples were taken for predicting the 10-year cardiovascular risk by Cox regression model and multivariate logistic regression was run to determine the key factors associated with both Hypertension (HTN) classifiers. The data were coded and analyzed by SPSS 16.0 version. Results: Overall HTN prevalence was 32.27%, male with 37.8% and female with 25.2% by previous HTN classifier. Whereas the updated classifier showed an overall prevalence of 61.81%, male with 67.1% and female with 55%. The findings showed a huge difference of 29.54% with p<0.001 between the two prevalence of previous and updated blood pressure classification. Employees had a relatively high HTN prevalence of 35.92% to 65.18%, compared to the spouses with 26.47% to 56.47%, p<0.001 by previous and updated classification, respectively. Conclusions: The relatively rise prevalence of the HTN revealed by this study suggests new and combining health promotion tactics, cultural theories to fight this rampant silent killer.

Biography

Dr. Charles Nsanzabera is a high Ranked Public health/International health and development specialist. With hands on Health related Knowledge and practice; Health Research,Emergency care: BLS & ACLS and critical E&A patients care,Evidence based treatment,Community Health, health planning,Health economics,Health project Conception and Objective based implementation, Monitoring& evaluation, Port health,Health institution management,Demography, Food hygiene and safety, Environmental sanitation and hygiene,nutrition,Disaster preparedness and management, communicable and non-communicable diseases, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, maternal and child health, Health topics designing and Promotion. Dr. Charles has been the quality assurance leader in expanded impact child survival program to heighten the community integrated and management of childhood illness in 2007 in Rwanda. He is now an occupational clinic leader in industrial workplace.Dr. Charles has a versatile and tangible research based philosophy in Occupational and community Cardiovascular Diseases Risk prediction, Factors and its Practical scientific based.

Artical Title: Seroprevalence of brucellosis in different small ruminant husbandry systems and associated risk behaviors in Mali: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background: In Mali, there are different animal’s production systems which have been key driver for interaction between animals and humans which is likely a potential risk for transmission of brucellosis. The objectives of this study were: to (i) identify different small ruminants husbandry systems in Mali; (ii) determine seroprevalence of brucellosis according to the husbandry systems identified; and (iii) identify human risk behaviours. Methods: A cross-sectional study using cluster sampling was conducted in the Sikasso, Segou and Bamako districts. Blood was collected from 860 small ruminants. The sera obtained were examined using Rose Bengal and cELISA tests paralelly. In addition, 119 breeders were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. The statistical analyses were performed with R software (RStudio-1.0.136). A herd was considered positive if at least one animal in that herd was positive either to RB or cELISA. Chi-square test was undertaken and it was deemed significant when p≤0.05. Results: Agropastoral systems accounted for 43.7% [34.5 - 53.1% (95% CI)] of the systems identified and pastoral systems for 31.1% [22.9 - 40.2% (95% CI)]. Peri-urban and urban farms accounted for 17.6% [11.2 - 25.7% (95% CI)] and 7.5% [3.5 - 13.8% (95% CI)] respectively of the farms. Individual seroprevalence was 4.1% [2.8 – 5.6 % (95% CI)]. Herd seroprevalence was estimated at 25.2% [17.7 - 33.9 % (95% CI)]. Peri-urban farms seem to be more affected 38.1% [18.1– 61.5% (95% CI)], followed by pastoral farms 24.3% [11.7 – 41.1% (95% CI)]. Risk behaviours such as exchange of reproductive bulls (30.2 %), suspension of placentas (31.1 %) in the farms, keeping of females having already aborted (69.7 %) The close and prolonged contact (51.2%) with the animals, the consumption of unpasteurized dairy products (26.9 %), assisting females for delivery without any protection (40.3%) are practices identified that can promote the transmission of brucellosis to both animals and humans. Conclusion: Brucellosis seems to be a problem in all husbandry systems in the studied regions. High seroprevalence and presence of practices provide a possibility of cross transmission between animals and humans.

Biography

Artical Title: Partnerships for sustainable cities as options for improving solid waste management in Nairobi city

Abstract

Partnerships as enshrined in policies are vital for achieving sustainable cities under Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Indeed SDGs recognizes the importance of partnerships in solid waste management (SWM) as a way of developing workable and reliable waste management systems. Solid waste management in Nairobi City continues to be a great challenge, and poor practices threaten environmental and public health. Ineffective waste management in Nairobi City has been linked to inefficient policy implementation and enforcement by different stakeholders. To effectively address the challenge of sustainable waste management in Nairobi City, amalgamation of strategies amongst several segments including stakeholders; private and public sectors ( formal and informal ), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Communities is important, through partnerships to implement improved policies, in terms of capacity, financial prudence, technical and institutional. The paper seeks to analyze existing policy framework on solid waste management and its effectiveness in addressing SWM in Nairobi City. The study is based on a descriptive research design involved interrogating the stakeholders included in the implementation of the policy frameworks in place. Data was acquired through semi-structured questionnaires administered to 385 respondents and interviews with 10 key informants. The theoretical framework based on Institutional Theory and capacity building theories that expound the gaps in policy implementation and the role of partnerships. Policies in SWM interlinked for sustainable cities.

Biography